Umair Gaines
Electric vehicles (EVs) have unique characteristics that make them well-suited for towing, such as instant torque delivery and a lower center of gravity for better stability. However, not all EVs are designed or approved for towing, and improper towing methods can lead to mechanical and electrical system damage. It is crucial to understand the underlying technology and follow manufacturer guidelines to ensure safe and proper procedures. Flatbed towing is generally recommended for EVs to prevent damage to the electric drivetrain and high-voltage battery system. When choosing a towing service for an EV, it is important to select one with experience and proper equipment for EVs.
Characteristics of Electric Vehicle Towing
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Towing capacity | There are two types: braked and unbraked towing capacity. Braked refers to the maximum weight a car can tow when the trailer has its own braking system, while unbraked is when the trailer doesn't have its own brakes. |
| Weight distribution | EVs have a lower center of gravity due to the battery pack being mounted low in the chassis, providing better stability when towing. |
| Regenerative braking | Electric vehicles use regenerative braking to recapture energy when slowing down, which can still be used when towing. |
| Towing range | Towing will significantly impact the range of an EV, with most drivers reporting a reduction of 30-50% depending on load weight, terrain, and driving style. |
| Towing methods | Flatbed towing is recommended for EVs to prevent damage to the electric motor, drivetrain, and high-voltage battery system. |
| Towing services | It is important to choose a towing service with experience and expertise in EVs to ensure the safety and integrity of the vehicle. |
| Manufacturer guidelines | Each EV model may have specific instructions and restrictions on towing, and it is crucial to adhere to these guidelines to protect the vehicle's warranty and functionality. |
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What You'll Learn
Towing an electric car safely
Electric vehicles (EVs) are certainly capable of being towed, but the process is not the same as towing a traditional combustion engine. EVs are equipped with onboard electronics and motors that are installed to turn the wheels, and this can make the towing process more complicated. It is important to understand the basics of towing your EV and the unique characteristics of your electric car.
Firstly, it is important to check whether your specific EV is "type-approved" for towing. This means it has undergone testing to ensure its braking system, suspension, and electrical components can safely handle the additional load. Not all electric vehicles are certified for towing. Manufacturers must specifically design and test their EVs for towing, and some choose to focus on maximising range figures rather than towing capabilities.
If your EV is type-approved for towing, it is still important to understand the impact towing will have on your range. Most drivers report a 30-50% reduction in their range when towing, depending on factors like load weight, terrain, and driving style. This means you will need to plan your charging stops more carefully on longer journeys.
When towing an EV, it is recommended that you always use a flatbed truck to avoid potentially catastrophic damage to your vehicle. In most cases, all four wheels should be off the ground and not in movement unless the car is being driven. When loading your EV onto a flatbed, be sure to check the specific vehicle’s manual to locate where the tow chains can be safely and securely attached to your vehicle.
Finally, it is important to understand towing capacity and how it is measured. There are two key types of towing capacity: braked and unbraked. Braked towing capacity refers to the maximum weight your car can tow when the trailer has its own braking system. Unbraked towing capacity is the maximum weight your car can safely tow when the trailer does not have its own brakes. For safety reasons, experts recommend staying within 85% of the maximum towing capacity, especially if you are new to towing.
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Tow bar electrics
When purchasing a tow bar, it is crucial to select the appropriate electrical system or wiring kit. Universal electrics, which have been the traditional standard, involve splicing wires into the vehicle's existing wiring. However, modern vehicles with more intricate wiring may require a bypass relay even with universal wiring. Dedicated electrics, on the other hand, offer a direct connection without the need for wire splicing.
The electrical setup will depend on the specific vehicle and trailer or caravan. For instance, a twin 7-pin electrics socket or a 13-pin socket (the European standard) may be necessary to operate a leisure battery in a caravan. Additionally, some vehicles may have a connector specifically designed for the tow bar, simplifying the electrical connection.
Installing tow bar electrics can be a straightforward process, even for those with some DIY experience. Basic tools such as screwdrivers, sockets, pliers, and snips are typically required. It is important to consult the manufacturer's guide for specific instructions and ensure that all connections are secure and insulated. The colour-coding of wires may vary, so it is essential to identify the correct wiring configuration before proceeding.
Overall, tow bar electrics are a critical aspect of safely towing a trailer or caravan. By selecting the appropriate electrical system and carefully installing the necessary components, individuals can ensure a reliable and secure connection between the main vehicle and the towed load.
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Braked and unbraked towing capacity
The towing capacity of a vehicle is the maximum weight that a vehicle can tow according to the manufacturer's specifications. It is important to understand the towing capacity and not exceed it to stay within the law and avoid fines. Braked towing capacity is the maximum weight a vehicle can tow when the trailer has its own braking system. This ensures that the combination is not reliant solely on the towing vehicle's brakes to slow down or stop. The braked towing capacity is calculated by considering the weight of the trailer and whatever is loaded on it. For example, the BMW iX can tow up to 2500 kg with a braked trailer.
On the other hand, unbraked towing capacity refers to the maximum weight a vehicle can safely tow when the trailer does not have its own brakes. This is typically much lower than the braked capacity, often around 750 kg. The unbraked towing capacity only applies to trailers up to the legal maximum weight. Trailers under this weight only need brakes if the trailer's weight is more than half the weight of the towing vehicle. It is important to note that the braked and unbraked towing capacities are different, and the authorities will only be concerned with the towing capacity specified in the vehicle handbook.
Additionally, when it comes to electrical tow, older cars with tow balls may not have had electrical outlets, but modern cars typically have them or have the option to add them. Wiring up tow-bar electrics is fairly simple, and there are standard toolkits available for this purpose. Electric vehicles (EVs) have unique characteristics, such as a lower centre of gravity and regenerative braking, that make them well-suited for towing. However, not all EVs are certified or approved for towing, so it is important to check if your specific EV is "type-approved" for towing.
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Choosing a towing service
Firstly, it is ideal to select a towing company before you need one. This way, you can take your time researching and reading reviews without the added pressure of being stranded. Speaking of reviews, checking a company's reputation is crucial. Look for reviews on Google, Yelp, Yellowpages, or Angieslist. A track record of good reviews matters, so look for average ratings of 4 or 5 stars. A company that engages with its reviews also demonstrates that it values its customers.
You can also ask people you trust, like family, friends, colleagues, or neighbours, for recommendations. Additionally, consider networking with other businesses to get their opinions and referrals. It is also essential to research the services offered by each company. Some companies offer specialised services, while others provide a broader range of services. For example, some companies may only offer towing, while others may also have their own auto body shops for collision repair, automotive detailing, tire alignment, and glass and window repair.
If you require a tow across state lines, you will need an interstate towing company. It is also beneficial to choose a company that offers 24/7 roadside assistance, as these companies can provide more reliable service. The longevity of a company in the industry is also an indicator of reliability, so look for a company with several years of experience. Finally, consider the cost of the service, as prices can vary depending on the circumstances of the tow, and be sure to compare prices between companies.
By following these tips, you can make an informed decision when choosing a towing service and feel confident that you are in good hands should you ever need a tow.
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Flatbed towing
The process of flatbed towing typically involves positioning the flatbed at an angle using hydraulic controls to create a smooth ramp. The vehicle is then driven or winched onto the flatbed, and wheel chocks and straps are used to secure it in place. Finally, the operator levels the flatbed back into a horizontal position, ensuring the vehicle remains stationary for the entire trip.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, flatbed towing is the safest way to tow an electric vehicle. Towing an electric car with its wheels on the ground can cause severe damage to the electric motor, drivetrain, and high-voltage battery system.
There are two main types of towing capacity: braked towing capacity and unbraked towing capacity. The former refers to the maximum weight your car can tow when the trailer has its own braking system, while the latter is the maximum weight when the trailer doesn't have its own brakes.
Electric vehicles have several unique characteristics that make them well-suited for towing. For example, the battery pack, the heaviest component, is mounted low in the chassis, providing better stability when towing. Additionally, electric vehicles use regenerative braking to recapture energy when slowing down, aiding in controlled deceleration with a trailer.
When choosing a towing service for your electric vehicle, look for a company with experience in handling EVs. Check their certifications, customer reviews, and case studies. Ask questions about their experience with EVs, the types of tow trucks they use, and the training their staff receive in EV towing procedures.
