Electric Mountain Bikes: Handling Tight Singletrack Trails

Electric mountain bikes are an increasingly popular way to get up a mountain faster and easier while still enjoying the fun of the downhill. However, the topic of whether electric bikes belong on singletrack trails is a controversial one. Singletrack trails are narrow paths that wind through the forest or desert, and are beloved by mountain bikers for their technical sections and natural features. While some places, like Colorado, have passed laws allowing e-bikes on any path where bicycles are authorized, the interpretation and implementation of these laws have been inconsistent. The main issues to consider are speed and trail wear, as well as the potential ecological impact of increased traffic on these trails.

Popularity of electric mountain bikes

Electric mountain bikes are becoming increasingly popular, with many riders buying them or conversion kits for their existing bikes. This is especially true in Europe, where e-mountain bikes are so common that some bike rental shops might not have non-powered bikes available.

The growing popularity of electric mountain bikes is also seen in the increasing number of brands offering these bikes, such as Specialized, Trek, Aventon, Ride1Up, Lectric, and more. These brands offer a range of models to cater to different rider needs, from entry-level hardtails to long-travel enduro rigs, and provide features such as powerful motors, long-lasting batteries, and advanced suspension systems.

One of the main reasons for the popularity of electric mountain bikes is that they make riding more accessible and enjoyable for a wider range of people. The pedal-assist power can make it easier for riders to climb uphill, reducing the physical demands of mountain biking and allowing older riders or those with physical limitations to continue enjoying the sport.

However, the increasing popularity of electric mountain bikes has also sparked debates about their place on singletrack trails. Some traditional bikers believe that electric bikes should be restricted to roads, bike lanes, and multi-use trails, while others are open to sharing their favourite singletracks with electric bike riders. As the trend continues to grow, finding a solution that works for everyone will become increasingly important.

Trail design and width

The ideal width for a tight singletrack trail used by electric mountain bikes depends on various factors, including the average rider's skill level and the trail's intended use. As a general rule, the trail should be wide enough to allow riders to comfortably navigate the path without feeling cramped or restricted. This width should accommodate the bike's handlebars, providing enough clearance on both sides to prevent accidental contact with trees, rocks, or other obstacles.

Designing trails with appropriate widths is crucial for rider safety and enjoyment. Trails that are too narrow can restrict movement and force riders to slow down excessively, negatively impacting the flow of the ride. On the other hand, excessively wide trails may detract from the sense of adventure and challenge sought by mountain bikers. Therefore, finding the right balance is essential.

When designing trails, it is essential to consider the rider's line and how they will navigate through the trail. The trail width should allow for a smooth and flowing ride, providing enough room for riders to choose their line and manoeuvre comfortably. Creating multiple line options within the trail design can add interest and challenge for riders, enhancing their overall experience.

In addition to width, trail design can incorporate various features to enhance the riding experience. These features may include berms, jumps, rock gardens, and other obstacles that challenge riders' skills and provide variety. When integrating these features, ensuring sufficient space for riders to approach, navigate, and exit safely is vital. Proper signage and clear trail markers are also important, especially around tight corners or areas with limited visibility, to ensure rider safety.

Maintaining a consistent and appropriate width throughout the trail is essential, but there may be instances where varying widths can add interest and challenge. For example, a slightly narrower section can create a sense of excitement and encourage riders to focus on their line choice and technique. However, these variations should be used sparingly and only in sections where riders have sufficient sight distance and time to react and adjust their speed accordingly.

Speed and trail wear

Electric mountain bikes (e-MTBs) are trail-savvy bikes with an electric assist system that boosts your own power. They can help riders tackle longer trail rides, steeper climbs, and keep up with their ride group. The use of e-MTBs on singletrack trails is a topic of debate, with some arguing that they should be banned due to speed and trail wear concerns.

Speed is a crucial factor to consider when discussing the use of e-MTBs on singletrack trails. Singletrack trails are often narrow, requiring one rider to move out of the way to let another pass. The increased speed provided by e-MTBs can lead to user conflicts, with faster riders blasting past slower ones, kicking up dirt, and potentially endangering others on the trail. This can be especially frustrating for traditional mountain bikers who may feel that e-MTB riders are taking the "easy way out".

However, it is important to note that speed is not solely dependent on the use of e-MTBs. Rider ability, trail design, and other factors also contribute to speed. Additionally, not all e-MTB riders will be travelling at high speeds, as some may be older individuals or those with health conditions who are using the electric assist feature to continue enjoying the sport.

Trail wear, or the impact of e-MTBs on the condition of the trail, is another concern. Some worry that the increased speed and weight of e-MTBs may cause greater trail wear compared to traditional mountain bikes. However, others argue that the weight of an e-MTB is similar to that of a heavy downhill bike or a heavy rider on a traditional mountain bike, and therefore, the impact on the trail would be comparable.

The debate surrounding the use of e-MTBs on singletrack trails is complex and multifaceted. While speed and trail wear are valid considerations, there are also arguments in favour of e-MTB use, such as increased accessibility for older or less fit riders, and the ability to conquer challenging trails. As the popularity of e-MTBs continues to grow, it is important for the mountain biking community to find a solution that works for both electric and traditional bikers.

Safety and sustainability

When riding electric mountain bikes on tight singletrack trails, safety should be a top priority for all riders. Here are some essential safety considerations:

Rider Skill and Experience:

Electric mountain bikes can provide a significant power boost, especially when navigating steep climbs or technical terrain. Riders should honestly assess their skill level and experience before tackling tight singletrack. Understanding your bike's capabilities and your limitations is crucial to making safe decisions on the trail.

Speed Control:

One of the critical aspects of riding on tight singletrack is maintaining control over your speed. Electric mountain bikes can reach higher speeds than traditional bikes, so riders must learn to modulate their speed effectively. This includes anticipating tight corners, obstacles, and potential hazards, and adjusting speed accordingly to ensure safe navigation.

Braking Technique:

With the increased speed and weight of electric mountain bikes, mastering proper braking technique becomes even more critical. Riders should practice smooth, controlled braking to avoid skidding or losing control, especially on descents and slippery surfaces. Learning how to balance front and rear braking can significantly impact safety.

Trail Etiquette:

Riding electric mountain bikes on tight singletrack requires adhering to proper trail etiquette. Respecting other riders and yielding when appropriate helps ensure everyone's safety. Communicate your presence clearly when passing or approaching other riders, and be mindful of faster riders behind you. Maintaining a positive and considerate attitude on shared trails is essential for the safety and enjoyment of all trail users.

Battery Management:

Proper battery management is crucial for safety and sustainability. Riders should regularly check their battery's charge level and performance to ensure it holds a charge and functions optimally. Carrying a spare battery or knowing the locations of charging stations along the trail can be helpful. Additionally, responsible battery disposal or recycling is essential to minimize environmental impact.

Equipment Maintenance:

Regular maintenance of your electric mountain bike is vital for safety and sustainability. Keep your bike in good working condition by performing routine checks and servicing. This includes inspecting brakes, tires, suspension, and other critical components to ensure they meet the demands of tight singletrack riding. Staying on top of maintenance can help prevent mechanical failures and enhance overall riding safety.

Riders can ensure their safety and the sustainability of the sport by following these guidelines and developing good habits when riding electric mountain bikes on tight singletrack trails. It is essential to respect the environment, other trail users, and the capabilities of your equipment to have a positive and enjoyable riding experience.

Rules and regulations

The rules and regulations for riding electric mountain bikes vary depending on the location. In the United States, electric bicycles (e-bikes) are subject to federal, state, local, and private laws, which makes it difficult to provide a straightforward answer regarding where you can ride them. Many states have incorporated e-bikes into their traffic codes, regulating them similarly to traditional bicycles. These vehicle codes dictate where e-bikes are permitted on roads, bike lanes, and bike paths, but they do not apply to electric mountain bike access on trails typically used for hiking, biking, and singletrack experiences. Electric mountain bikes are generally prohibited from non-motorized trails due to their classification as motorized vehicles, unless explicitly allowed by the local or state land management agency.

In Colorado, for example, the federal government owns or manages a significant portion of the land, and federal agencies like the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the US Forest Service (USFS) manage electric bikes as motorized vehicles. However, the state, city, and county-level guidance for e-bikes in Colorado was previously less clear. In 2017, the state passed House Bill 17-1151 to provide guidance for the regulation of electric-assisted bicycles. Since then, some counties in Colorado have allowed eMTBs on natural surface trails in parks and open spaces.

To navigate the varying regulations, it is essential to research the specific rules applicable to the location where you plan to ride. Check with local land management agencies, consult online resources, and refer to apps like Trailforks and Mountain Bike Project to determine which trails are open to e-bikes.

When riding an electric mountain bike, it is important to follow trail etiquette guidelines and be a responsible rider. Here are some key points to consider:

• Yield appropriately and be prepared to yield to everyone, even when going uphill.
• Respect trail and road closures, and do not trespass on private land without permission.
• Obey speed regulations and recommendations, and always ride within your limits.
• Control your bicycle and never scare animals.
• Be considerate and respectful to other trail users, and follow any directional guidelines on the trail.

Frequently asked questions