Wiktor Wise
Electrical fires can be extremely dangerous and pose a huge risk. Knowing how to respond quickly and appropriately could be the difference between a small fire and a devastating disaster. While most people's first reaction to a fire is to throw water on it, you should never use water to put out an electrical fire. Water is a natural conductor of electricity, so throwing water on an electrical fire will only make it worse and increase your chances of being electrocuted or getting a severe electrical shock. So, how do you put out an electrical fire?
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| What to do first | If it is a large fire, get out of the house immediately. Call 911 as soon as you are a safe distance from the fire. |
| What to do if it is a small fire | Cut the power. Use a fire extinguisher to put out the fire. Other options are baking soda, dirt, salt, or a fire blanket. |
| What not to do | Do not throw water on an electrical fire. Water conducts electricity and may cause electric shock or electrocution. |
| Preventative measures | Install smoke detectors in every room of the house and test them monthly. Develop an evacuation plan for the home and practice it periodically. |
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What You'll Learn
Do not use water
Water is a natural conductor of electricity, so throwing it on an electrical fire will not only be ineffective, but it will also make the fire worse. Water will conduct electricity, meaning that the fire will spread quickly and ignite any flammable materials nearby. In addition, using water on an electrical fire will increase your chances of being electrocuted or getting a severe electrical shock.
If you are dealing with a small electrical fire, you can try to put it out by smothering it. Baking soda is an effective way to quickly and easily smother the flames. This works because baking soda blocks oxygen, which means the fire is not being fed. Sodium bicarbonate, one of the chemicals found in baking soda, is also present in Class C fire extinguishers. If you don't have baking soda, you can use dirt or salt to smother the fire. If you have a fire blanket, this can also be used to smother a small electrical fire. If you don't have a fire blanket, you can use dense, non-flammable fabric or clothing. However, it is important to ensure that the material you are using is not combustible, as it will otherwise catch fire and worsen the situation.
If you have a fire extinguisher, you can use it to put out a small electrical fire. However, it is important to check that it is appropriate for electrical fires. Electrical fires are Class C fires, so your fire extinguisher must have a C rating. While fire extinguishers for residential use are generally multi-purpose and labelled ABC fire extinguishers, it is important to verify that it is indeed rated for electrical fires. If your fire extinguisher doesn't have a Class C or ABC marking, the fluid inside may act as water would and conduct electricity, creating an electrocution hazard.
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Cut off electricity
If you encounter an electrical fire, the initial and most critical action is to cut off its power source. This will stop the source of the sparking or arcing that started the fire.
Firstly, if you can reach the device that is causing the fire safely, unplug it from the power source. If the plug is involved or you can’t get to it, go to your electrical panel and turn off the power at the main breaker. If you are unsure whether a fire has been caused by live electricity or something else, it is best to avoid using water. Water is a natural conductor of electricity, and if you throw water on an electrical fire, you may get electrocuted. Water may also enable the fire to spread by conducting electricity throughout the room and potentially igniting flammable materials.
If you cannot shut the power off, you can use a C-rated or Class C fire extinguisher to put out the fire. You can also use a fire blanket or a heavy, non-flammable material to smother the flames and cut off the fire's oxygen supply. This method is effective for smaller fires on electrical equipment. If the fire is small, you may also put it out by smothering it with baking soda.
It is recommended that you call the fire department if the electrical fire started on an appliance attached to the wall, ceiling, or floor, as the fire may also be burning or smouldering inside the building where you cannot see it.
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Use a fire extinguisher
If you have a fire extinguisher, you can use it to put out an electrical fire. Fire extinguishers are the best way to extinguish electrical fires. However, before using a fire extinguisher, ensure that it is appropriate for electrical fires. Most residential fire extinguishers are multi-purpose and labelled ABC, indicating that they can handle electrical fires. Nevertheless, it is crucial to verify this by checking for the Class C or ABC marking. If your fire extinguisher lacks this label, its fluid may conduct electricity, creating an electrocution hazard. Therefore, always check the fire extinguisher before using it on an electrical fire.
To use a fire extinguisher, aim the spray at the base of the fire to put it out as quickly as possible and prevent any hazards. This will help to deprive the fire of fuel and stop it from spreading. Additionally, ensure that your fire extinguisher is regularly maintained and inspected. Check the pressure gauge, and make sure that the pin and tamper seal are intact. Replace or recharge the fire extinguisher when necessary to ensure it is fully functional in case of an emergency.
If you are unable to extinguish the electrical fire with a fire extinguisher, it is important to follow these steps: First, get out of the house immediately. Do not try to be a hero; your safety is paramount. Close the doors to the room the fire is in, as well as the main house door, to help contain the fire as much as possible. Once you are at a safe distance from the fire, call 911 or your local fire department. Provide them with the necessary details, including the nature of the fire, and request immediate assistance. Do not re-enter your home until the firefighters have informed you that it is safe to do so.
While fire extinguishers are an effective way to combat electrical fires, it is also important to take preventive measures. Ensure that all electrical equipment and appliances are in good working condition and regularly maintained. Have a licensed electrician inspect your home's electrical system at least biannually to identify potential hazards and ensure it meets safety standards. Additionally, install smoke detectors in every room, especially near electrical appliances, to provide early warning in case of a fire and facilitate timely evacuation.
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Use baking soda
If you discover a small electrical fire, you can use baking soda to extinguish it. Baking soda, or sodium bicarbonate, is a chemical found in Class C fire extinguishers and is an effective fire reduction method. It can be used to remove the fire's oxygen supply by smothering the flames.
To use baking soda to put out a small electrical fire, follow these steps:
- If it is safe to do so, start by unplugging the device or cutting the power at the breaker box. This will prevent the flames from spreading and reduce the risk of electrocution.
- If you have not already disconnected the power, do not touch the appliance or affected objects when applying the baking soda.
- Keep your hands at a safe distance to prevent burns and pour the baking soda directly from the container towards the source of the fire.
- Use enough baking soda to smother the flames and remove the fire's oxygen supply.
It is important to note that this method is only recommended for small fires. If the fire is too big, evacuate the area immediately and call the fire department or emergency services. Additionally, do not confuse baking soda with baking powder, as baking powder is highly flammable and can cause explosive reactions.
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Evacuate and call 911
If you encounter an electrical fire, the first thing to do is to remain calm and ensure your safety. If the fire is small and you feel confident in your ability to extinguish it, you can try to put it out using a fire extinguisher, baking soda, or a fire blanket. However, if the fire is large or you feel threatened, it is crucial to evacuate the premises immediately and call 911 or your local fire department. Here are some detailed steps to follow:
Evacuate the Premises
If you are unable to extinguish the electrical fire or feel unsafe, evacuate the building immediately. Prioritize your safety and the safety of those around you. Leave the building as quickly as possible to prevent injury or loss of life. Do not try to be a hero. Make sure to close the door behind you to contain the fire and prevent it from spreading.
Call 911 or the Fire Department
Once you are a safe distance away from the fire, call 911 or your local fire department. Provide them with your location and any other relevant information. Stay on the line if necessary and follow any instructions given by the emergency operator. If possible, wait for the firefighters to arrive and do not re-enter the building until they have contained the fire.
Develop an Evacuation Plan
It is important to have an evacuation plan in place for your home or workplace. Discuss and practice the plan with your family members or colleagues to ensure everyone knows what to do in case of an electrical fire. Identify multiple exit routes and designate a safe meeting place outside the building.
Regularly Inspect Electrical Systems
To prevent electrical fires, it is crucial to regularly inspect your electrical systems and devices. Check for any signs of wear and tear, such as frayed wires, loose connections, or damaged cords. Properly maintain and replace old or outdated electrical components. Avoid overloading circuits or power strips and use electrical devices properly.
Install Smoke Detectors and Safety Mechanisms
Install working smoke detectors in every room of your home to provide early warning in case of a fire. Additionally, consider installing arc-fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs) which can detect dangerous electrical changes and shut off the circuit to prevent potential fires. Ensure that any portable space heaters have a safety mechanism that automatically shuts them off if they tip over.
Remember, your safety is the top priority. In the event of a large or uncontrollable electrical fire, do not hesitate to evacuate and call for emergency assistance.
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Frequently asked questions
Contact an electrician. If the electrical fire is large, get out of the house and call 911.
If you feel you can handle it, you can try putting it out by smothering it with baking soda (sodium bicarbonate). You can also use a fire blanket or thick, heavy clothing to remove the oxygen source.
Do not use water to put out an electrical fire. Water is a natural conductor of electricity, so you can get shocked or electrocuted. Water may also enable the fire to spread by conducting electricity and potentially igniting flammable materials.
A fire extinguisher is the best way to put out an electrical fire. Make sure to aim the spray at the base of the fire. If you don't have a fire extinguisher, use the methods described in the previous answer.
