Otis Singleton
There are various types of home electric generators, including solar photovoltaic systems, internal-combustion engines, Stirling engines, and thermoelectric generators. Home standby generators automatically turn on when the power goes out, while portable generators require more planning and can be taken on the go. To start a generator, you must first ensure that you have a compatible power source and that the generator can supply the amount of power you need. You can then start the generator and plug the cords into it, being mindful of safety precautions such as avoiding backfeeding and operating the generator in a safe, dry environment.
Characteristics and Values of a Home Electric Generator
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Type of generator | Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, internal-combustion engines, diesel-engine generators, fuel cells, Stirling engines, thermoelectric generators, electromagnetic generators |
| Use | Backup power supply for homes during power outages |
| Powering | Power refrigerator, power tools, computers, ceiling fans, etc. using extension cords |
| Cords | Heavy-duty, exterior use, matching the power outlet's amperage specifications |
| Fuel | Gas, propane, solar panels, petroleum diesel, biomass-based liquid fuels, biogas, natural gas |
| Starting process | 1. Remove cords. 2. Turn fuel valve on. 3. Turn choke on. 4. Turn ignition on. |
| Safety | Avoid backfeeding by plugging into the wall outlet. Ensure CO detectors are installed. |
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What You'll Learn
Home standby vs portable generators
Home standby and portable generators are two options for homeowners to ensure backup power. While both types of generators can provide an extra source of power when you don’t have access to the electricity grid, there are several differences between the two.
Home Standby Generators
Home standby generators are permanently installed outside by a professional. They are larger than portable generators and can power more appliances in your home, including hard-wired systems such as HVAC systems, lighting, and sump pumps. They kick in automatically when the lights go out and can run on self-feeding fuel, such as your home's existing natural gas or liquid propane supply. This means that, unlike with portable generators, you don't have to worry about refuelling during harsh weather conditions.
Portable Generators
Portable generators are cheaper to buy and install than home standby generators, saving you thousands. They are also easier to set up, as they don't require cement pads or installation costs unless you choose to use a transfer switch. Because they are portable, they can be used for many different applications, such as camping, tailgating, or other outdoor events. However, they may not be able to power everything in your home, and you will need to refuel them occasionally for longer outages. You will also need to store large quantities of gasoline mixed with fuel stabiliser to get through a prolonged outage.
In conclusion, the decision between a home standby and a portable generator depends on your budget and your power needs. If you can afford it, a home standby generator is a worry-free option that will power your entire home in the event of an outage. However, if you are on a budget and experience infrequent and short power outages, a portable generator may be a better choice.
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Safety precautions
To start a home electric generator, you must first ensure that it is placed outdoors, on a dry surface, and away from doors, windows, and vents. Keep children and pets away from the generator at all times, as its components can get hot enough to cause burns.
Before starting the generator, disconnect all cords and ensure there is no load attached during the startup. Next, turn the fuel valve on, followed by the choke, and then the ignition or engine switch.
- Always operate the generator outdoors, in an area with plenty of ventilation. Never run a generator inside a home, garage, basement, or any partially enclosed space. Generators produce deadly carbon monoxide, which is colorless and odorless, and can lead to incapacitation and death.
- Do not plug the generator directly into an electrical receptacle or outlet inside your home, a practice known as "backfeeding." This can put utility workers, your neighbors, and your household at risk of electrocution.
- Use heavy-duty extension cords that are rated for exterior use to connect appliances to the generator. Ensure the cords are not damaged, kinked, or coiled to avoid overheating or melting.
- Before refueling, turn the generator off and let it cool down. Gasoline or other flammable liquids spilled on hot engine parts could ignite. Store fuel in approved safety cans, outside living areas, and away from fuel-burning appliances.
- Add up the power requirements of the appliances and devices you will be using to choose a generator that produces more amps than you need. Some machines draw up to three times as much power when starting up, and others lose efficiency over time.
- If you experience tripped breakers, practice better power management by staggering the operating times for various equipment to prevent overloads.
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Using an electric start button
To start your generator, simply press the electric start button, and the generator will roar to life. The electric start button is controlled by a switch that runs on a battery. The switch might be a key, lever, button, or knob. When you activate the switch, the starter motor turns, and the generator starts.
It is important to note that if your generator has an electric start button, you should use that instead of the recoil cord option. If the electric start button doesn't work, your battery may be dead.
Home electric generators with electric start buttons are becoming more common, and for good reason. They are convenient, especially during a blackout when you don't want to fiddle around with a pull cord. They can also run any household appliance and electronic device and even integrate with your home electrical circuitry.
Additionally, electric start generators make using a generator easier for those who may not be able to start a generator with a pull cord, which requires a certain degree of strength and technique. With an electric start generator, you simply push a button, and that's it: no fuss, strain, or injury.
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Using a recoil cord
Starting a generator using a recoil cord is a straightforward process, although it may require a few attempts. First, locate the recoil handle and cord. Next, perform a partial pull by slowly pulling the recoil handle until you feel some resistance. Then, complete the pull by quickly pulling the handle all the way until it is fully extended. Finally, let go of the handle, but only after the cord has retracted. This action will start the generator's engine.
If the engine doesn't start, the issue is likely not with the recoil mechanism itself but with something else. For example, the pull cord may be broken, or there may be damage to the flywheel or flywheel keys. If the cord is broken, you may need to perform some DIY repairs. Alternatively, if the cord is intact, you can inspect the flywheel for any damage.
In some cases, the engine may not start due to the choke position. If this is the case, move the choke to "half run," pull the recoil cord again, and then move the choke back to "run" after the engine starts.
It is important to note that while using a recoil cord is a common backup method to start a generator, especially in older models, newer generators often feature alternative starting methods, such as an electric start button.
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Connecting devices
Planning and Preparation:
Before connecting any devices to your home electric generator, it is essential to plan and prepare:
- Identify the devices and appliances you want to power using the generator. This will help you determine the load on the generator.
- Ensure you have the correct power cords and extension cords. Use heavy-duty exterior extension cords designed for generators. The cords should be of sufficient wire gauge to handle the current and rated for exterior use.
- Check the packaging of the cords to confirm their electrical load capacity.
- If you intend to run hard-wired appliances, such as a well pump or furnace, consult an electrician to install a power transfer switch.
Once you have the necessary cords and have identified the devices, follow these steps:
- Start the generator by following the manufacturer's instructions. This typically involves turning the fuel valve on, adjusting the choke, and turning the ignition or engine switch on.
- Connect the power cords to the generator. Ensure the generator is not connected to any load during startup.
- Plug the male end of the power cord, featuring a straight-blade plug, into the generator.
- Run the cords to the desired devices or appliances, ensuring they are not damaged, kinked, or coiled to avoid overheating.
- Plug the devices or appliances into the appropriate outlets on the power cords.
- If using extension cords, ensure they are properly connected and not coiled to prevent overheating.
- Always follow the correct sequence: start the generator, connect the cords to the generator, then plug the devices into the cords.
Safety Precautions:
When connecting devices to a home electric generator, prioritize safety:
- Never plug the generator directly into an electrical receptacle or outlet inside your home. This can create a hazardous situation for workers trying to restore power.
- Avoid backfeeding the generator by ensuring proper grounding and following instructions.
- Turn off specific appliances, such as the air conditioner and electric heat, to reduce the load on the generator.
- Keep flammable materials away from the generator's engine and muffler.
- Regularly check the oil level and colour, ensuring it is sufficient for safe operation.
- Refuel the generator with caution. Turn off appliances, let the generator run to stabilize, then turn it off and allow it to cool before adding fuel.
- For solar generators, connect solar panels and ensure they receive adequate sunlight for charging.
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Frequently asked questions
Before starting the generator, disconnect all cords. You should start your generator before connecting it to your home. Turn the fuel valve on, then the choke, and then the ignition.
Sweep away any flammable materials from the engine, and check the oil level and colour. Check the fuel tank is above 80% full.
There are many types of generators, including solar photovoltaic systems, internal-combustion engines, Stirling engines, and thermoelectric generators. You may also want to consider a standby generator, which runs automatically.
Generators convert mechanical energy obtained from an external source into electrical energy. They are based on Michael Faraday's discovery in 1831 of electromagnetic induction, which found that moving a magnet inside a coil of wire induces an electric current.
