Electric Bike Revolution: Who's Riding And How Many?

Electric bikes, or e-bikes, have become an increasingly popular mode of transportation in recent years. With advancements in technology, e-bikes are now lighter, faster, and have longer battery lives, making them an attractive option for those looking for an eco-friendly and efficient way to commute. The e-bike market has experienced significant growth, with global sales on the rise. While the data on the exact number of e-bike owners is limited, we can look at sales figures and market trends to gain insights into the popularity of these electric bicycles.

E-bike sales in the US

The COVID-19 pandemic played a role in the increased sales of e-bikes in the US. Many people opted for personal e-bikes over public transportation to limit their exposure to others and reduce the spread of the virus. The popularity of e-bikes also stems from their affordability and accessibility, with prices starting at $1,500 for a good-quality e-bike. The rise of e-commerce and delivery services has further contributed to the demand for e-bikes, especially in urban areas.

Consumer behaviour and preferences have also influenced the growth of the e-bike market in the US. Consumers are attracted to e-bikes due to their environmental benefits, reduced car journeys, and cost-effectiveness compared to driving. The flexibility and adaptability of e-bikes for trekking and recreational activities, as well as their ability to assist riders on hilly terrains, have also contributed to their popularity. Additionally, the growing awareness created by local cycling and environmental advocacy groups is anticipated to further drive market growth.

However, the rapid rise in e-bike usage has also presented challenges and regulatory issues. Safety concerns have been raised, with an increase in rider and pedestrian deaths, as well as deadly battery fires. The lack of dedicated infrastructure for e-bikes, including bike lanes, secure parking, and charging stations, poses challenges for safe and convenient commuting. Municipalities are now faced with decisions regarding the designated usage of e-bikes, such as whether they are permitted on pedestrian or mountain bike trails.

Environmental impact

Electric bikes, or e-bikes, have gained popularity in recent years, with a growing number of people embracing this eco-friendly mode of transportation. E-bikes are zero-emission vehicles, meaning they emit no tailpipe emissions and create no noise. This makes them a much more environmentally friendly option than motor vehicles, which account for a significant portion of greenhouse gas emissions.

One of the key environmental benefits of e-bikes is their ability to reduce car trips. Recent research from Portland State University found that e-bikes encourage new riders, get existing riders to ride more often, and make riders feel safer compared to standard bikes. E-bikes can replace car trips, especially in urban environments, helping to reduce traffic congestion and improve air quality.

In terms of energy efficiency, e-bikes also outperform traditional bicycles. Since e-bike riders don't need to exert as much energy to pedal, they require fewer calories, resulting in less food production and transportation ("food miles"). Additionally, e-bikes are powered by rechargeable batteries, and the energy required to recharge these batteries is significantly less than that needed to refuel a car, making e-bikes a more environmentally friendly option for longer-term use.

While e-bikes offer numerous environmental benefits, it's important to acknowledge that their production can have some negative impacts. The mining and extraction of raw materials like lithium, copper, and aluminium can pollute the environment and contribute to carbon emissions. However, the negative effects of these processes are considered less significant compared to the manufacturing of traditional cars and larger electric vehicles.

To minimise the environmental impact of e-bikes, consumers can opt for second-hand or refurbished e-bikes, reducing the need for additional raw materials and production. Additionally, proper maintenance and servicing of e-bikes can extend their lifespan, and recycling programmes for old or broken batteries can help prevent them from ending up in landfills.

E-bike safety

Electric bikes have become popular as a convenient and eco-friendly mode of transport. However, with their increasing presence on roads, concerns about their safety have also grown. Studies have shown that accidents involving e-bikes have risen in recent years. Here are some essential tips to ensure your safety when riding an e-bike:

Wear a Helmet: Regardless of the age, speed, or legal requirements, always wear a helmet when riding an e-bike. Modern bicycle helmets are lightweight, well-ventilated, and comfortable. Consider choosing a MIPS helmet (multi-directional impact protection) for added safety.

Rider Age and Class of E-bike: The legal requirements for rider age vary depending on the class of e-bike. In most states, riders under 16 can use Class 1 and Class 2 e-bikes, while Class 3 e-bikes are restricted to riders aged 16 and above. Check your local regulations to ensure you meet the age requirements for your specific e-bike class.

Maintenance and Safety Checks: Regular maintenance and safety checks are crucial for preventing accidents and injuries. Perform basic safety checks before each ride, including tyre pressure, brake functionality, and ensuring that the wheels are firmly attached. Don't forget to perform occasional adjustments and more complicated repairs as needed.

Understand Your E-bike's Features: Familiarize yourself with the unique features and operation of your e-bike. Understand how the electric motor is engaged, whether it's through pedalling, a throttle lever, or a button. This knowledge will help you avoid accidental motor engagement, especially during cornering or riding on slippery surfaces.

Power Down When Not Riding: Get into the habit of powering down your e-bike when you're not riding, such as when you're parking it. This simple step can prevent the unexpected activation of the motor, reducing the risk of accidents.

Follow Traffic Rules and Regulations: Adhere to traffic rules and regulations when riding your e-bike. Avoid riding on sidewalks, follow speed limits, and obey traffic signals. Remember to use designated bicycle lanes where available and always ride with caution and awareness of your surroundings.

Choose Safety-Certified E-bikes: When purchasing an e-bike, opt for reputable brands that meet established safety standards. Be cautious when charging and using lithium-ion batteries, and ensure you follow the manufacturer's guidelines for battery care and maintenance.

Passenger Safety: Only carry a passenger on an e-bike specifically designed for two people, with built-in safety features for passenger use. These could include tandems or cargo bikes with designated passenger seats.

Rider Sobriety: Dr. Bansal emphasizes the importance of riding sober. If you are intoxicated or impaired in any way, do not ride your e-bike. Always prioritize your safety and the safety of those around you.

Rider Training and Education: Consider enrolling in rider training programs or seeking guidance from experienced riders. The California Highway Patrol offers an online program to teach individuals of all ages how to safely operate e-bikes. Proper education can enhance your skills and confidence when riding on roads or bike paths.

Keep an Eye on Local Regulations: Stay informed about local regulations and restrictions regarding e-bike use. Some areas may have specific rules regarding the use of e-bikes, including age restrictions, speed limits, and authorized riding areas.

Global market growth

The global electric bike market is expected to grow significantly in the coming years. The market size was valued at USD 40,312 million in 2019 and is projected to grow to USD 118,657 million by 2030, registering a CAGR of 10.5% from 2020 to 2030. The market is expected to be driven by several factors, including the increasing consumer preference for sustainable and eco-friendly modes of transportation, urbanization, and government incentives promoting clean transportation.

The Asia-Pacific region, particularly China, has dominated the global electric bike market in recent years. In 2024, the Asia-Pacific region accounted for a 58.84% market share, with China contributing the largest revenue share. The affordability and convenience of electric bikes in China have made them a preferred mode of transportation for daily commutes. Additionally, the Chinese government's push for electric vehicles to combat pollution has contributed to the market growth.

Europe is also experiencing significant growth in the electric bike market, with the Netherlands leading the way. In 2019, 420,000 new e-bikes were bought in the Netherlands, accounting for 41.7% of total new bicycle sales. The availability of government subsidies and the strong cycling infrastructure in the country have contributed to the high adoption rate of electric bikes. Germany and the UK are also leading the charge in Europe, with high disposable incomes and a strong focus on sustainable living fueling the demand for premium and mid-range e-bikes.

The United States has also witnessed an upsurge in the sale of e-bikes, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The rising interest in e-bikes and the growing number of local manufacturers have contributed to the growth of the e-bike market in the country. Additionally, initiatives by local cycling and environmental advocacy groups to promote the use of e-bikes for daily commutes are expected to further drive market growth.

Overall, the global electric bike market is expected to continue its growth trajectory, driven by increasing environmental concerns, technological advancements, and government initiatives to promote clean and sustainable transportation options.

Consumer demographics

Electric bikes (e-bikes) are becoming increasingly popular, with sales rising globally. They are attracting consumers for a variety of reasons, including a desire to reduce car journeys and positively impact the environment. E-bikes are also seen as a way to improve health and fitness and are particularly beneficial for older people or those with physical challenges.

E-bike owners tend to be older, with a significant proportion belonging to the Baby Boomer generation. A 2024 survey by EVELO found that 79.47% of respondents were aged 55 or older, with the largest group being 65-74-year-olds (36.36%). When considering only electric bike owners, the group tends to be even older, with 81.46% of respondents aged 55 or above. This trend is also supported by a 2017 survey from the National Institute for Transportation and Communities (NITC) and Portland State University, which reported that 67.2% of e-bike owners were 45 or older.

In terms of gender, there is a disparity between the US and the EU. In the US, the buyer ratio is approximately 70% male and 30% female, whereas the EU exhibits a more male-dominated trend, with around 90% of buyers being male.

E-bike owners tend to have higher incomes, with a higher proportion living in households earning over $100k annually compared to non-owners. They are also more urban, with a greater percentage living in cities. This may be due to the convenience of e-bikes in urban environments, where they can be the fastest mode of transportation, as seen in Manhattan and central London.

E-bike owners also exhibit specific consumer behaviours and preferences. They are more likely to be influenced by advertisements and trust recommendations from celebrities and influencers. They are also willing to pay more for luxury products and enjoy going to the cinema in their free time.

Frequently asked questions