Beatrice Lang
Adding electricity to a garage can be done in a couple of ways: underground electrical service or overhead electrical service. Both methods require more than one circuit, and it is better to add a sub-panel to handle power distribution. The process involves installing a ground wire and grounding rods, which provide a safe path for electricity. The size of the wire depends on the amount of electricity delivered. It is important to follow safety procedures and local building laws when working with electricity and installing conduits, masts, or wires. The cost of running electricity to a detached garage varies depending on the distance and specific requirements, but it typically ranges from $800 to $2500.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Types of electrical service | Underground electrical service, overhead electrical service |
| Parts required for overhead electrical service | Conduits, masts, wires, guy-wire |
| Safety measures | Check local building laws, do not run wires over water features, use rubber insulated gloves, do not work in the panel box when it is live, install ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) |
| Installation process for overhead electrical service | Ensure overhead cables do not go over common service areas, run a guy-wire between two independent supports, wrap electrical cabling around the guy-wire, install grounding rods and grounding clamp |
| Installation process for underground electrical service | Dig a trench for the electrical wire, use PVC conduit and connector to run the conduit from the garage to the main panel box, replace panel box covers and turn on the breaker |
| Cost considerations | Distance between house and garage, voltage requirements, local codes, labour costs, trenching costs, additional fees for second meter or customer charge |
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What You'll Learn
Underground vs. overhead electrical wiring
Underground wiring is a popular method for adding electricity to a garage. It involves burying electrical wires in a trench that runs from the house to the garage. The burial depth can vary depending on the wiring method and location, with depths ranging from 4 to 24 inches. For residential branch circuits, rigid metal conduit (RMC) has the shallowest burial depth of 6 inches, while underground feeder cable (UF) requires a depth of 12 inches. It is important to contact local utility companies before digging to prevent accidental damage to underground pipes and wires and ensure worker safety. After laying the cable, it is crucial to properly connect the underground wiring to the home's electrical system, and regular inspections are necessary to maintain safety and functionality.
Overhead wiring, on the other hand, involves running electrical wires above ground, typically from the main electrical panel in the house to the garage. This method may require the use of extension cords, which is not recommended for a permanent solution. However, some people choose to run overhead SEC cable to a subpanel in the garage, providing a convenient shut-off point and easier power management. This method may raise questions about permits, so it is advisable to consult a professional electrician.
Underground wiring offers a more permanent and aesthetically pleasing solution by keeping the wires out of sight. It eliminates the need for extension cords and provides a safer option by reducing tripping hazards and protecting the wires from potential damage caused by vehicles or lawn equipment. However, installing underground wiring typically requires more labour and costs due to the trenching process.
Overhead wiring can be a more straightforward and cost-effective option for those confident in their electrical skills and willing to manage the cables. It may be suitable for temporary solutions or when the garage is located close to the house, making the extension cords less of an eyesore and safety hazard.
Both methods require careful consideration of local regulations and electrical safety standards. Consulting a licensed electrician is always recommended to ensure compliance with electrical codes and to handle any complex connections. Ultimately, the choice between underground and overhead wiring depends on factors such as cost, aesthetics, safety, and the distance between the house and garage.
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Installing a sub-panel
Firstly, determine the voltage size you will need. This depends on the types of tools and machinery you will be using in your garage. For example, if you will be using welders and compressors that require high voltage, you will need a 100-amp sub-panel. However, if you are only using power tools or completing small jobs, a 50- to 60-amp sub-panel should suffice.
Next, you will need to install a grounding system. This is a crucial safety feature that provides a safe path to the earth for electricity, preventing accidents. Install a 6-foot ground rod outside the garage and run a ground wire from the sub-panel box to the ground rod. You can also use grounding clamps on metal water service pipes as an alternative grounding method. Ensure you follow local electrical codes, such as the National Electrical Code (NEC), which requires ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) for any outside wiring.
Now, you will need to dig a trench for the electrical wire. The depth of the trench will depend on the voltage size you determined earlier. For a 100-amp sub-panel, use 1 1/4-inch PVC conduit, and for a 50-amp sub-panel or less, use 1-inch PVC conduit. Run the conduit from the garage to the main panel box, and if concrete has not been poured, run the conduit down into the ground inside the garage. Use a 90-degree sweep connector to make pulling the wire through easier. If the concrete is already in place, run the conduit up the outside wall and use a PVC LB access fitting to go through the wall where the sub-panel box will be mounted.
Finally, screw a piece of plywood that is 6 inches larger than the sub-panel to the wall where the sub-panel will be mounted. Replace the panel box covers and turn on the garage breaker. Remember to have your installation inspected by a local building authority before turning on the power.
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Electrical grounding
There are several methods for electrical grounding, including the use of grounding rods and metal water-service pipes. The size of the ground wire required will depend on the amount of electricity delivered to your home. It is crucial to have your installation inspected by your local building authority before turning on the power.
When installing grounding rods, it is important to choose a location that minimises the risk of mechanical damage. Ideally, place the rods close to where the electrical panel is installed. Hold the first grounding rod vertically and drive it into the earth with a grounding rod driver. Then, measure 8 feet from the first rod and install the second rod, repeating the process. Install a copper grounding clamp on each rod, wrapping the clamp around and tightening it down. Loosen the wire terminal on the clamps and connect the grounding wire to both terminals, tightening them down.
In the case of a detached garage, it is required to have a grounding electrode system (GES) or ground rods. This is important for lightning protection and stabilising voltage. The feeder circuit to the detached garage should be a four-wire circuit, including two hots, one neutral, and one equipment grounding conductor. At the garage sub-panel, the neutral must be isolated to prevent any issues.
It is important to note that grounding electrode conductors should not be spliced unless using specific methods such as irreversible compression connectors or exothermic welding. Additionally, any conductive connections between the garage and the main building must be considered, as they may impact the grounding system required.
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Safety procedures
Safety should be the top priority when adding electricity to your garage. Here are some detailed safety procedures to follow:
Planning and Professional Help:
Before starting any electrical work, proper planning is essential to ensure safety and compliance with local regulations. Consult a licensed electrician to help you understand your specific needs and advise on safety protocols. They will ensure your garage's electrical installation complies with local codes and permits and will adhere to safety protocols to minimize the risk of accidents, electrical shocks, and fires.
Permits and Inspections:
Contact your local building department to determine the necessary permits and regulations for running electricity to your garage. Most jurisdictions require electrical permits and inspections, so it is crucial to obtain the necessary approvals before beginning any work.
Underground Pipes and Cables:
Before any digging or trenching, contact your local utility company to mark the locations of underground pipes and wires. Failure to do so could result in serious injuries, expensive repairs, and disrupted utility services. Lay caution tape along the trench to warn future diggers and prevent unintentional damage to the buried cables.
Wiring and Connections:
Underground wiring must be properly connected to your home's electrical system for safety and functionality. Use appropriate materials, such as conduit and cable staples, to secure and shield the cables. Ensure adherence to local code requirements for cable routing and support, and follow guidelines for minimum cover depth, conduit size, and grounding requirements.
Disconnect Options and Labelling:
Install a disconnecting means, such as a simple snap switch or pullout disconnect, in a readily accessible location near the point of entrance of the conductors. This allows for easy access in an emergency. Label the disconnect clearly and durably to indicate its purpose, following the National Electrical Code (NEC) requirements.
Lighting and Outlets:
Install proper lighting, such as motion-sensor lights, to enhance safety and deter potential intruders. Ensure you have the required outlets, including at least one GFCI-protected receptacle outlet and switch-controlled lighting outlets, both inside and outside the garage.
Remember, electrical work in a garage can be hazardous, so always prioritize safety and don't hesitate to consult a professional electrician for guidance and assistance.
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Cost
The cost of adding electricity to a garage will depend on a number of factors, including the distance between the house and the garage, the voltage required, and whether you choose to run the wiring underground or overhead.
If you are planning to use welders and compressors that require high voltage, you will need a 100-amp sub-panel, which will be more expensive than a 50- to 60-amp sub-panel for smaller jobs. The cost of the sub-panel itself will depend on the brand and the retailer, but you can expect to pay a few hundred dollars for a basic model.
Running electrical wiring underground is typically more expensive than running it overhead, due to the need for trenching and other installation costs. The cost of trenching can vary depending on the distance between the house and the garage, with longer distances requiring more materials and labour. Additionally, if you choose to run underground wiring, you may need to pay for a second meter and transmission, debt reduction, and other fees, which can add to the overall cost.
If you choose to run overhead wiring, you will need to purchase conduits, masts, and wires, which can also add to the cost. You will also need to ensure that you have permission to run overhead cabling and that you comply with local building laws.
The cost of labour for installing electrical wiring in a garage can vary depending on whether you hire a professional or do it yourself. Professional installation will typically be more expensive, but it may be required by local code and can help ensure that the job is done safely and correctly.
Overall, the cost of adding electricity to a garage can range from $800 to $2500 or more, depending on the specific circumstances and requirements. It is always a good idea to get quotes from multiple electricians and to discuss the best options for your particular situation.
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Frequently asked questions
There are two ways to add electricity to a garage: underground electrical service and overhead electrical service.
Before installing electricity in your garage, check with local building laws to ensure you have permission to run cabling. Also, if you are unfamiliar with electrical systems, it is best to hire a professional electrician to handle the job.
A sub-panel is another name for a breaker box. Installing a sub-panel in a detached garage makes it convenient to turn the electricity on and off when needed. The size of the voltage you need will depend on how much power you typically use in your garage.
