Wiktor Wise
Wood burning art with electricity, also known as fractal wood burning, is a process that uses high voltage electricity to create intricate patterns and designs on wood. This method, inspired by German physicist Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, involves sending high voltage electricity through wood to produce unique and complex patterns known as Lichtenberg figures. The process typically involves applying an electrolyte solution to the wood, connecting a power source, and carefully controlling the electrical discharge to create desired patterns. While the resulting art can be mesmerizing, it is important to approach this technique with caution due to the inherent risks associated with high voltage electricity.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Process | Pumping electricity through wood to create patterns |
| Tools | Electrolyte solution, small rods, electricity source, fan, transformer |
| Safety | Possibility of chlorine gas emission, fire risk, use of safety gear advised |
| Art Style | Fractal burning, also known as Lichtenberg patterns |
| Artist | Steve Burn, a Kirkwood man inspired by YouTube videos |
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What You'll Learn
Prepare the wood with an electrolyte solution
To prepare the wood with an electrolyte solution, you must first create the solution. The best solution to use is two tablespoons of baking soda per quart of water. Mix the solution in a glass container, which you can store indefinitely.
The next step is to apply the solution to the wood. The best way to do this is to use a foam brush and paint the solution onto the surface of the wood. Alternatively, you can use a small spray bottle or a sponge. Do not leave any standing solution on the wood, and use a paper towel to remove any excess. The wood should be thoroughly moistened, but not saturated. Allow the solution to soak into the wood for a few minutes until the surface appears dry, then apply another light coat of the solution.
The amount of solution applied will depend on several factors, including the type of material, its moisture content, and the humidity. If the wood is too wet, the path between the probes will be shorted out, and the wood will not burn. If the wood is too dry, the burn path will not start. Ideally, you will notice the surface of the material drying along the arc path, indicating the ideal moisture level. If the wood dries out too quickly, you can use a paintbrush or spray bottle to apply more solution.
Once the solution has been applied, you can begin the burning process. Place the item being burned on an insulated surface, and ensure it is secure and stable. Position the probes on the wood, then activate the burner by stepping on the foot switch. Do not place the probe tips close enough to cause an arc between them.
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Connect the power source
Wood burning with electricity involves using a high-voltage power source to create intricate patterns and designs on wood. This process, also known as fractal burning, allows you to produce beautiful and complex fractals in seconds.
Before beginning the wood-burning process, ensure you have the appropriate power source. Any high-voltage power source will work, but it's important to prioritize safety. Always wear protective gear, such as insulated gloves and eye protection, and never attempt this process alone.
The number of transformers you use depends on the size of your wood piece. For larger pieces, two transformers wired in parallel are recommended to ensure sufficient power. However, it is possible to wood-burn with a single transformer for smaller projects.
Once you have determined the number of transformers needed, connect the positive and negative leads from the transformers to each end of the wood. Ensure that the leads are connected following the grain of the wood. This ensures that the electricity flows in the intended direction.
Additionally, consider following The Backyard Scientist's suggestion to hook up a fan to the electricity source. This serves a dual purpose: it helps extinguish any fires that may occur during the burning process, and it provides a visual indication of whether the circuit is live.
Now that your power source is connected, it's time to turn it on and watch the electricity create unique lightning patterns on your wood. The longer you keep the power on, the deeper the grooves will become. You can guide the pattern to some extent by reapplying the electrolyte solution and giving the wood another jolt.
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Control the burn pattern
Creating wood art with electricity involves burning wood with high-voltage electricity to form intricate patterns. This process is called fractal burning, and it creates unique patterns known as Lichtenberg figures. While the artist has some control over the burn pattern, it is a dangerous process that requires careful safety precautions.
To control the burn pattern, the artist must first understand the factors that influence the electricity flow. The type of wood used is important, as different woods react differently to the process. Woods with a thick grain, such as poplar, hard maple, ash, and red oak, tend to guide the electricity along the grain, resulting in straight lines. Other woods like walnut and cherry may produce more random, tree-like patterns.
The placement of the electrodes is another critical factor in guiding the electricity. If the electrodes are placed too close together, the electricity may arc directly between them without burning into the wood. Therefore, it is important to maintain a safe distance between the electrodes and the wood to allow for proper burning.
Additionally, the artist can influence the burn pattern by adjusting the voltage and amperage of the electricity. Higher voltages, typically in the range of 2000 volts or more, are required for fractal wood burning. The amperage also plays a role in the intensity and speed of the burn. By manipulating these electrical parameters, artists can create varying burn patterns and depths.
While the artist can guide the process to some extent, there is an element of unpredictability in fractal wood burning. As the electricity follows the path of least resistance within the wood, it creates unique and intricate patterns that are challenging to replicate exactly. This aspect of surprise adds to the allure of this art form, as each piece becomes a one-of-a-kind creation.
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Clean the wood
To clean the wood for your wood-burning art project, there are several steps you can take to ensure the wood is prepared for burning and to remove any dirt or debris. Firstly, use sandpaper to smooth the surface of the wood and remove any rough spots. This step is important as it creates a smooth base for your art and ensures that any sanding lines will be less visible once you add your finish.
Next, clean the wood with a dry, lint-free cloth to remove any dust or remaining debris. You can also use a simple cardboard box to keep the wood dust-free while it dries. You may wish to apply a wood conditioner or oil at this stage to help the wood absorb the finish more evenly. Leave the conditioner or oil for about 15 minutes and then wipe off any excess.
If your wood has any discolouration or 'patina', as it is known in wood crafting, you can use Murphy's Oil Soap to clean and refresh the wood surface. This will also add shine to your finished piece.
Finally, choose a finish for your wood. There are many options available, including polyurethane, lacquer, or wax. The finish you choose will depend on the desired outcome for your art. Once you have chosen your finish, apply it with a brush, foam brush, or cloth, following the manufacturer's instructions. You may need to apply additional coats, depending on the type of finish you choose.
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Safety precautions
Wood burning with electricity is inherently dangerous, and people have died attempting it. It is important to take all necessary safety precautions and be aware of the risks involved.
Firstly, always work with electricity on a non-conductive surface, such as a rubber mat, and ensure you are wearing non-conductive clothing and footwear. Rubber-soled shoes, for example, can prevent voltage from making contact with the ground. It is also recommended to wear rubber gloves to protect your hands from electric shocks. Keep a safe distance from the wood and electricity source, and be mindful of potential arcing—if you get too close to another electrode, the electricity may arc between the two, bypassing the wood. This could also happen if your hair or clothing gets too close, so be cautious and stand back.
Additionally, always ensure one hand is behind your back when working with high voltages. If electricity passes through both hands, it can flow through your heart and be fatal. It is also advised to work with a partner, as they can assist in an emergency and help monitor the process.
Ventilation is crucial when burning wood with electricity. Open the doors and windows of your workspace to allow fresh air to circulate and prevent the buildup of harmful gases, such as chlorine gas, which can be emitted during the burning process. Consider using a floor fan to blow air out of the workspace and always ensure you have a fire extinguisher nearby to put out any potential fires.
Finally, always use a high-voltage power source for wood burning, as normal mains electricity will not be sufficient. Be cautious and aware of the potential dangers, and only attempt this process if you are confident in your ability to do so safely.
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Frequently asked questions
Wood-burning art, also known as pyrography, is a technique that uses electricity to burn wood and create intricate patterns. The process involves passing a high voltage of electricity through the wood to form unique designs.
You will need a power source, such as a high-voltage transformer, and a piece of wood. You will also need to prepare an electrolyte solution to brush onto the wood before burning. Other useful tools include a garden hose and a scrub brush for cleaning, as well as a fan to mitigate the risk of fire and chlorine gas emission.
First, brush the electrolyte solution onto the wood. Then, connect the positive and negative leads from the transformer(s) to each end of the wood, ensuring the electricity follows the grain. Stand back and turn it on, watching the electricity burn the wood and create unique patterns.
It is up to you when to turn off the electricity, depending on the desired design. Generally, it is recommended to turn it off when the two figures from each of the leads meet, as the main channel may catch on fire at this point. Remember that you can guide the pattern to some extent but not control it completely.
Wood burning with electricity involves inherent risks, so it is important to take safety precautions. Always wear appropriate safety gear, such as protective clothing and eyewear, and never attempt this process alone. Ensure proper ventilation and be cautious of potential chlorine gas emissions. Be mindful that the process may cause fires, and keep a fire extinguisher nearby in case of emergencies.
