Umair Gaines
Electric trikes have become increasingly popular, especially among adults, seniors, and those with limited abilities. They are a practical alternative to cars, as they are eco-friendly, sustainable, and can help cut travel costs. While some opt to buy a new electric trike, converting a conventional trike into an electric one is also an option. This can be done by purchasing a trike conversion kit, which typically includes a rechargeable lithium-ion battery pack, a motor, and a control box. The conversion process involves removing the old gear hub wheel, shifter, cabling, chain, and crank, and then installing the new electric components. It is important to note that trikes have different configurations, such as Delta (one wheel in front, two in back) and tadpoles (two in front, one in back), which may impact the conversion process.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Why convert a trike to electric? | Popularity among adults, seniors, and those with limited abilities; eco-friendly and sustainable; cost-effective; improved safety features; ease of riding |
| Kit providers | Eco Cycles; EbikeKit; Amazon |
| Kit features | 48v lithium battery pack rechargeable lithium-ion batteries; 48v 9Ah Bag Battery, a 48v 10Ah Battery, and a 48v 20Ah Bag Battery; 36v lithium pack |
| Kit cost | $1200 |
| Trikes suitable for conversion | Schwinn Meridian; TerraTrike Rambler; conventional trikes with minor modifications |
| Additional considerations | Battery life in cold weather; motor and battery placement for air circulation; sprocket size; gearing |
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What You'll Learn
Conversion kits
E-BikeKit
E-BikeKit offers a range of electric tricycle kits, including adult trike systems with and without batteries. Their kits feature a programmable LCD dashboard, pedal-assist, and throttle-on-demand functions. The top speed of their kits is 20 mph, with a range of 15-30 miles. The price of their kits starts at $684 for the kit without a battery and goes up to $1,362 for the kit with a battery.
Eco Cycles
Eco Cycles offers a trike conversion kit that utilizes the Tongsheng TSDZ2 mid-drive motor. This motor is one of the few mid-drive conversions that is torque-sensing, which can improve the riding experience.
Amazon
A variety of trike conversion kits are available on Amazon, with some eligible for free shipping. These kits include electric motors and batteries, allowing riders to travel anywhere from 9 to 40 miles on a single charge, depending on the battery capacity.
Benefits of Conversion Kits
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Battery and range
The battery and range of an electric trike are important factors to consider when converting a traditional trike. The battery type and capacity will determine how far you can travel on a single charge.
Battery options for electric trikes include lithium-ion batteries, which are commonly available in 48V configurations. The battery voltage is important, as this will impact the power delivered to the motor. For example, the Lectric XP Trike uses a 48V, 13Ah lithium-ion battery, which can provide up to 50 miles of range on a single charge.
When choosing a battery, it's also essential to consider the battery capacity, which is typically measured in Ampere-hours (Ah). A higher Ah rating will generally provide a longer range. For instance, a 48v 9Ah battery may offer 9-20 miles on a single charge, while a 48v 20Ah battery can provide up to 40 miles of range.
The range of an electric trike will also depend on various factors, such as weight load, terrain, weather conditions, and more. For instance, the RadTrike, with its 10 Ah (480 Wh) battery, offers a range of up to 58 miles, while the Easy Transit trike, with a 750W motor, provides excellent climbing ability but has no specified range.
It's worth noting that the configuration of the trike can also impact its range. Tadpole trikes, with two wheels in front and one in the back, tend to be more stable at speed and have better range due to their aerodynamic design.
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Motor and speed
The motor and speed specifications are critical when converting a trike to electric power. Electric trike motors are propulsion systems that assist with pedalling or provide independent power. These motors enhance the riding experience by reducing pedalling effort, increasing speed, and improving handling on various terrains.
When selecting a motor, consider the type, placement, and power. Hub motors, for instance, can be geared or direct-drive. Geared hub motors are suitable for low-speed, high-torque applications, while direct-drive motors are simpler, more affordable, and excel at maintaining top speed. Mid-drive motors, on the other hand, are positioned between the pedals and provide power to the trike's chain or belt, resulting in a smoother and more natural riding experience. They are more efficient due to their ability to leverage the trike's gears and offer excellent torque for climbing hills and accelerating. The trade-off is that mid-drive motors tend to be more expensive.
To achieve the desired speed, consider factors such as battery voltage, motor size, and gear ratios. A higher battery voltage, such as 36V or 48V, can enable faster speeds compared to lower voltages. The size of the motor also plays a role, with more powerful motors capable of higher speeds. For example, a 350W mid-drive motor may offer sufficient "kick" for some riders, while others might opt for a 1000W mid-drive motor to reach top speeds of around 20 mph. Additionally, choosing the right gear ratio between the motor sprocket and the drive wheel sprocket is crucial. Gear ratio calculations can help determine the optimal combination to achieve the desired speed.
The weight of the trike and its intended use should also be considered. Extra batteries can add weight, affecting acceleration and low-speed performance. Mid-drive or front-mounted hub motors can help balance the weight distribution. Additionally, the battery output impacts the power draw of the motor. At low battery levels, the motor may not deliver sufficient torque, so it's important to consider the range required for your typical use cases.
Finally, sensors and throttles play a role in motor performance and speed. Torque sensors measure how hard you pedal and provide proportional assistance, making them ideal for hilly terrain and starting from a stop. Cadence sensors, on the other hand, measure pedalling speed and activate the motor once a certain cadence is reached, offering a simpler and more predictable experience. Throttle control allows you to engage the motor on demand, providing a quick burst of power when needed.
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Gearing and parts
The gearing and parts you will need for your electric trike conversion will depend on the type of trike you have and the specific electric motor and battery setup you choose. Here are some general considerations and tips to help you get started:
- Gearing Options: You can choose between internally geared hubs and external gearing for your electric trike. TerraTrike Rover and Rambler models, for example, offer internally geared hubs. Converting to external gearing is possible but may require the help of a specialised bike shop, especially if your trike does not have brackets for idlers or a front derailleur.
- Motor Selection: The type and size of the motor will depend on your desired speed and power. A 36v lithium pack can achieve speeds of up to 20 mph, while a more powerful 48v setup can provide a range of 9-42 miles on a single charge. Consider the terrain and your riding style to choose the appropriate motor.
- Battery Options: Lithium-ion batteries, such as 36v or 48v packs, are commonly used in electric trike conversions. Keep in mind that battery capacity is affected by cold weather, and ensure you have a suitable charging setup. Proper insulation and pre-ride warming can help extend battery life in colder conditions.
- Parts Sourcing: You may need to source additional parts for your conversion, such as front sprockets, control boxes, and batteries. Don't forget to consider the weight of the batteries and plan for their mounting and ventilation to prevent overheating.
- Tire Considerations: If you plan to ride at higher speeds, ensure your tires are suitable. For example, the Schwinn Meridian's tires may wear out quickly at speeds above 20 mph, especially when carrying additional weight.
- Braking System: Consider the impact of increased speed on your braking system. A band brake on the rear axle, for instance, may not be designed for higher speeds, so you might need to adjust your riding style or consider upgrades.
When selecting parts and gearing for your electric trike conversion, it is essential to consult with experts or seek advice from online communities and forums dedicated to electric trikes and conversions. They can provide valuable insights and recommendations specific to your project.
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Eco-friendly benefits
Electric trikes have gained popularity among adults, seniors, and those with limited abilities. They are an excellent replacement for everyday transportation and come with a host of eco-friendly benefits.
Firstly, electric trikes are environmentally friendly as they produce zero emissions. Unlike cars, which emit approximately two tons of carbon dioxide each year, electric tricycles do not release any harmful gases into the atmosphere. This makes them a practical and eco-conscious alternative to cars, especially for commuting in cities where stopping and starting at intersections and traffic lights are frequent.
Secondly, electric trikes offer improved efficiency in terms of energy consumption and cost. They can travel up to 42 miles on a single charge, with some models offering a range of up to 50 miles. This makes them ideal for short commutes or errands, reducing the need for frequent charging. The electric motor also assists in pedaling, making it easier to navigate through crowded cities and tight turns.
Additionally, electric trikes are more affordable than traditional gas or electric four-wheel vehicles. They have fewer moving parts and do not require regular maintenance, resulting in lower maintenance costs. This makes them a cost-effective and reliable choice for individuals looking for a sustainable mode of transportation.
Moreover, electric trikes have been adopted by businesses for transportation, food, and product deliveries. They have helped businesses reduce travel costs and transition to a more eco-friendly and sustainable system. With their small footprint, electric trikes are easy to manoeuvre in crowded cities and can efficiently navigate through alleyways, bike paths, and sidewalks.
Converting a traditional trike to electric is a great way to contribute to a greener mode of transportation. It offers individuals and businesses a sustainable, efficient, and cost-effective solution while also providing health benefits to the rider by reducing their exposure to harmful emissions.
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Frequently asked questions
Electric trikes are a practical alternative to cars, especially in heavy traffic. They are eco-friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective. They are also safer for nervous or novice bikers and are a good option for those with limited abilities.
Conversion kits are available from Eco Cycles, Ebikebc, and Amazon. Ebikebc's kit costs around US$1200 and can be used to convert a Schwinn trike to electric.
Battery life can be impacted by cold weather. The battery must be kept above 40°F to recharge, and it's important to ensure the battery is well-insulated. The weight of the battery is also a consideration, as well as the need for air circulation around the motors and power controller to prevent overheating.
It is possible to convert the trike to external gearing, but this may require the help of a bike shop that is familiar with recumbents and specialized parts. The TerraTrike Rover and Rambler models are offered with internally geared hubs and can be converted to electric using an E-BikeKit.
It is possible to source some parts from second-hand items, such as a broken power chair, which can provide the motor, controller, batteries, and controls. The front sprocket can be sourced from a donor bike, and ACE hardware can provide other necessary parts.
