Wiktor Wise
Electric brakes on trailers require regular maintenance to function properly. Troubleshooting techniques include testing the voltage of the system with a voltmeter, checking for dirt in the connector pins, and inspecting the wiring for any signs of damage. If the brakes are weak, it could be due to a faulty ground limiting the amperage, or a bad connection between the trailer connector and the trailer. Adjusting the brakes is also necessary for proper function, and this can be done by manually turning the adjuster until the wheel is unable to spin, and then backing off until it can spin freely.
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What You'll Learn
Check for a faulty ground
When troubleshooting issues with electric trailer brakes, checking for a faulty ground is an important step. Here are some detailed instructions to guide you through the process:
First, identify the brake magnets and their wires. Each magnet should have two wires: one for power and one for the ground connection. Inspect the ground wire to ensure it is securely attached to a clean metal surface free of any paint, corrosion, or debris. This clean connection is crucial for optimal conductivity.
Next, examine the wiring for any signs of damage or wear. Look for spots where the wire may have been nicked, pinched, rubbed, or exposed, as this can lead to a faulty ground. Pay close attention to the areas where the wiring exits the trailer and enters the brake components. If you notice any damage, carefully wrap the affected areas with electrical tape to insulate and protect the wires.
In addition to visual inspection, you can use a multimeter to test the continuity and integrity of the ground connection. Set your multimeter to the Ohms setting and place the negative probe on one of the brake magnet wires, typically the ground wire. Then, place the positive probe on another magnet wire. Take note of the multimeter's reading. If it falls outside the specified resistance range for your particular brake magnet size, it may indicate a faulty ground or a problem with the magnet itself.
If you suspect a faulty ground wire, consider replacing it with a new one of the same gauge and specification. Ensure that the new ground wire is securely connected to the trailer's electrical system and the brake components. Refer to your trailer's manual or seek guidance from a professional technician if you're unsure about the specific wiring configuration.
By following these steps to check for a faulty ground, you can help identify and resolve issues with your electric trailer brakes, ensuring they operate effectively and safely. Remember to exercise caution and wear appropriate protective gear when working with electrical systems.
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Test the current
Testing the current of your trailer's electric brakes is an important step in troubleshooting any issues. Here are some detailed instructions on how to do this:
Firstly, you need to identify the number of brakes you have and understand your trailer's pin plug configuration. This information is crucial for testing and diagnosing any issues accurately.
Now, let's get into the testing methods:
- Using a Multimeter: Set your multimeter to Ohms. Place the negative probe on one of the brake magnet wires and the positive probe on the other magnet wire. If the multimeter reading is outside the specified resistance range for your brake magnet size, the brake is faulty and needs replacement.
- Testing with a Battery: You can also test the trailer's electric brakes by directly applying +12V power from a fully charged battery. Connect the battery to the hot contact on the trailer's plug or to the wires of an individual brake assembly. With the battery connected, you should hear a gentle humming noise from the brake magnets, and you should feel resistance when trying to rotate the hub. If there is no response, check the main ground wire for any loose or corroded connections that might be preventing power from reaching the brakes.
- Testing Current from the Electric Brake Controller: Electric brakes are controlled by an electric brake control panel, which activates the magnets when the brake pedal is pressed. To test this, use a multimeter to measure the current between the brake controller and the brake magnet. If the current is insufficient, the controller or wires may be faulty and require replacement.
- Diagnosing a Faulty Ground: If you suspect a ground issue, as indicated by symptoms such as weak brakes or lighting issues, start by replacing the ground lugs and cleaning the connection to the frame. Then, test the brakes by applying the brakes through the pedal or control panel. Measure the current coming from the connector to the brake wires. If the current is outside the recommended specifications, the controller or wires may need to be replaced.
Remember to exercise caution when working with electrical systems and always follow safety guidelines to prevent injury or damage to the components.
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Adjust the brakes
Adjusting the brakes on your electric trailer is an important part of maintenance and can be done in a few steps. Firstly, locate the adjuster, which is situated below the magnet, and turn it manually until the wheel can no longer turn. Then, turn the adjuster in the opposite direction until the wheel is free to spin. A properly adjusted brake will have a slight constant drag on the shoes.
It is important to note that the adjuster should be under constant pressure from the adjuster spring. If you hear a rolling sound coming from the hub/drum assembly, this could indicate that the adjuster is maxed out or that the spring is broken. In this case, you may need to replace the brake linings and shoes.
If your shoes and linings are not worn out, but the adjuster is maxed out, you should inspect the hold-down springs and the drums inside bore diameter. Check for signs of worn or weak springs, such as heat, brake drag, or unusual smells. Worn-out hold-down springs will cause premature brake failure, so it is important to address this issue promptly.
To correct irregular wear on the linings, adjust the brakes and ensure the return springs are functioning properly. This will ensure even wear throughout the assembly.
Finally, test the brakes by activating them through the pedal or electric control panel. Measure the current coming from the connector to the brake wires and compare it to the recommended specification. If the current is too high or too low, the controller or wires may need to be replaced.
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Check for a short in the brake wire
To check for a short in the brake wire, you can perform a few tests. Firstly, open the 7-way plug and check for wiring shorts. Disconnect the 6-way plug between the chassis and the tongue/drawbar to see if the fault disappears. If it does, this indicates that the issue is isolated to either the drawbar wiring or the chassis wiring. If the short is in the chassis wiring, you can then disconnect each brake hub one at a time to try and isolate the fault.
If you still cannot find the fault, you can try another test. Disconnect all the brake magnet wires and OHM test each magnet and the electric brake wire to the chassis. You can use a multimeter to do this. If you get any ampere reading from the multimeter, there is an internal short in the brake magnet, and it will need to be replaced.
You can also test the trailer brake magnets by checking the amperage of your trailer braking system. The magnets will draw amperage from the brake controller, so you can check if they are functioning properly and if there is a short.
Another potential cause of weak trailer brakes is a bad connection between the trailer connector and the trailer. Oxidation can increase resistance at the connection points, limiting the current and creating heat.
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Clean the connectors
To clean the connectors of your electric trailer brakes, you can use electrical contact cleaner, which is available at Radio Shack or another electronics store. Spray the electrical contact cleaner onto the connections, then brush with an old toothbrush. If your contact cleaner comes with a built-in brush, you can simply spray and then spray again to remove the residue. Repeat if necessary.
Alternatively, you can use a 50/50 solution of vinegar and water. Spray this solution onto the connectors and then wipe them down with a clean cloth. You can also try using white vinegar with a pipe cleaner, followed by scrubbing with an eraser. If the corrosion is heavier, spray the connector with PB Blaster, let it sit, and then repeat the vinegar application to clean out the residue.
Another method is to use WD-40 and fine-grit emery cloth. Spray the connector and slip the emery cloth over the end of a flat-bladed screwdriver, then rub it over the metal. You can also use a wire brush designed for male and female ends.
To protect the connectors after cleaning, apply dielectric grease, which is available at auto parts stores. You can also use electric contact paste for electrical connections of dissimilar metals.
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Frequently asked questions
If you are experiencing weak brakes, the first step is to disconnect the truck and trailer and clean the connectors. If that does not correct the problem, test using a circuit tester. You can also use a multimeter to test the trailer brake wiring between the brake controller and the brake magnet. If you get any ampere reading from the multimeter, then there is an internal short in your brake magnet and it needs to be replaced.
To test the voltage of the system, use a voltmeter. Connect it to the lead wires at any brake while running the engine of the towing vehicle. Normally, the voltage should begin at 0 volts and increase to 12 Volts as the controller bar is actuated.
Some common problems include open circuits, poor electrical connections, broken wires, blown fuses, and faulty resistors. Weather elements can also wear out the trailer brake wiring system, causing dirt to accumulate in the connector pins.
First, check if the problem is with your vehicle or the trailer by connecting to a different trailer. If the error reoccurs, you know the issue is with your vehicle. If not, the problem is with the trailer. Weak brakes could be caused by a faulty ground limiting the amperage the system is able to deliver. Try installing a new 7-conductor wiring harness.
