Van Life: Powering Your Home On Wheels

There are several ways to generate electricity in a van, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. One common method is to use a generator, which can charge a battery bank that powers your devices. However, generators can be loud and require gasoline fuel. Another option is to use solar panels, which are quieter and greener but may require a larger initial investment. Additionally, you can utilise your van's alternator to generate power while driving, although this may not be sufficient for all your energy needs. Campground electrical systems provide easy access to power, but they may have restrictions and incur additional costs. When designing a van electrical system, it's crucial to consider safety, voltage, wiring, and battery chemistry to ensure a reliable and efficient setup.

Using a generator

Deep-cycle batteries produce a DC current at 12 volts of power, while most standard electrical devices are built to run off ordinary household AC current at 110 volts. Therefore, you will likely need to connect your battery bank to an "inverter", which will transform the current from the batteries into ordinary household current. The inverter will provide you with a number of standard electrical outlets, into which you can plug your devices just as you would at home.

However, the inverter itself will also use up a non-trivial amount of your electricity, so you should keep it turned off when not charging something. The generator/battery bank system is workable and used by many people, especially in large RVs. However, it has several disadvantages. For example, it is very loud when it runs, and it requires gasoline fuel to operate, which takes up storage space.

Wiring a van electrical system can be complicated and dangerous if not done right, so you may want a mechanic or electrician to do it for you.

Solar panels

When shopping for solar panels for your van, you will come across two main types: monocrystalline solar panels (mono) and polycrystalline solar panels (poly). Both types capture solar energy and turn it into electricity, but mono panels are generally more efficient and slimmer, while poly panels are less expensive but also less efficient. With limited roof space, it is important to consider the most efficient panel setup that will support your power needs. A well-built solar panel from a reputable company is rated to last over 25 years, so it is a good idea to explore both options before making an investment.

The amount of solar power your van needs will depend on your expected daily electrical load. As a guide, a typical van consumes between 500W and 2000W of power. Most solar panels range from 25 Watts to 400 Watts, but van lifers usually opt for panels between 100 and 300 Watts due to width restraints on their roof. You can also consider a dual-battery system, which provides a dedicated second battery to run appliances like your fridge.

There are a few things you can do to get the best results from your solar panels:

• Regular cleaning and maintenance: Keep solar panels free from dust and debris for optimal performance.
• Strategic placement: Ensure your panels are in the best position to capture sunlight.
• Active system monitoring: Use battery management systems and customisable vehicle management to control every device from one central screen or your smartphone.

Campground electrical system

A campground electrical system is one of the four main ways to collect energy to power electronics in your camper van, the other three being your vehicle's alternator, a generator, and solar panels. Campground electrical systems are ideal for heavy electricity usage, such as air conditioning, and convenient for recharging batteries during extended trips.

To use a campground electrical system, you will need to carry a power cord with an appropriate amperage rating to connect to the campground's system. One large plug goes from the campsite into your van and is then spread to smaller household plugs. This method is more advanced, so it is recommended to have some experience with electricity or have a professional install the system.

If you are using a campground electrical system, it is important to have a master on/off switch to enable safe servicing of your camper van electrical system. Additionally, you will need to choose the right system voltage and select the right size wires. Most van electrical systems are 12V, but there is also a place for 24V systems in some situations.

Dual-battery setup

A dual-battery setup is a great way to ensure a steady power supply for your van life. It involves adding a second battery, often in the back of your van, to be used as your "house" source of electric power. This setup ensures that you have a dedicated power source for your devices and appliances, separate from your vehicle's primary battery.

The key components of a dual-battery setup are the two batteries and an isolator. The isolator is crucial to keeping the batteries separate and preventing them from draining each other. When your van is running, both batteries charge simultaneously. However, when the vehicle is turned off, the isolator ensures that the batteries are isolated, so you can use the secondary battery without worrying about draining the primary battery needed to start your van.

When choosing the second battery for your dual-battery setup, opt for a ""deep cycle" battery. These batteries are designed to provide a steady electric current over extended periods and withstand numerous cycles of draining and recharging. Deep cycle batteries are commonly used in electric motorboats and are readily available in marine supply stores. They come in various sizes, power outputs (measured in amp-hours), and types, so you can select the one that best suits your needs.

Additionally, consider purchasing a battery isolator kit, which simplifies the setup process and reduces potential issues on the road. You can find these kits online or at specialty stores. If you're unsure about installing the system yourself, you can always seek assistance from professionals, such as car stereo specialists or RV repair shops, who have experience with dual-battery setups.

By implementing a dual-battery setup in your van, you can enjoy greater peace of mind, knowing that you have a reliable and dedicated power source for all your essential devices and appliances during your off-grid adventures.

Inverters

When choosing an inverter, it is important to match the voltage of your inverter to your system. For example, a 12V inverter will only work in a 12V system. Additionally, it is recommended to install at least a 500VA inverter, even if you only use low-wattage appliances. This provides a safety margin and more flexibility for future upgrades. It is also crucial not to exceed the maximum wattage specified by the manufacturer, as it could damage your inverter.

There are two main types of inverters available: pure sine wave and quasi (or modified) sine wave. Simpler electronics can be powered using a quasi sine wave inverter, but it may cause issues with some appliances. For example, it can lead to reduced brightness in fluorescent lights, interfere with timekeeping in appliances with timers, and cause newer TVs to experience drops in framerate and colour reproduction. Therefore, it is important to ensure that any electrical devices you want to power are compatible with a modified sine wave inverter if you choose to go down that route.

When installing an inverter in your van, heat management is critical. Inverters generate heat, especially when running at higher loads, so they should be installed in a well-ventilated space, away from confined areas or other heat-generating devices. It is recommended to leave at least 10-15 cm of space around the inverter to allow proper airflow. Some inverters also come with built-in cooling fans to aid in heat dissipation.

Overall, inverters are a crucial component of a van's electrical system, allowing you to power a range of devices and appliances by converting DC power from your batteries into AC power. By choosing the right type and size of the inverter and installing it correctly, you can ensure you have reliable access to electricity while on the road.

Frequently asked questions