Trystan Casey
Electric rack and pinion steering systems are found in many modern vehicles. They use an electric motor to assist the driver in turning the wheels, making it easier to steer. Over time, these systems may experience issues and require repairs or replacements. When replacing the electric module of a rack and pinion system, it is often necessary to reprogram the new module. Reprogramming can be done by following the service manual instructions and securing the steering wheel from moving during the process. This calibration procedure ensures the electric power steering system functions correctly and can be performed by mechanics or vehicle owners with the right tools and knowledge.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Difficulty | Requires expertise in mechanics and car repair |
| Cost | $680 for BBB industries rebuild, including shipping; $350 core charge that is returned when the old part is sent back |
| Time | Can be done in under 2 hours |
| Tools | Ratcheting tie-downs |
| Vehicles | Applicable to 2013 Ford Escape S 2.5L, 2013 Ford Fusion, 2013 Buick Lacrosse, 2004 Mazda RX-8, 2016 Ford Explorer, 2011 Chevy Impala, 2018 Dodge Ram 1500 |
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What You'll Learn
Electric module replacement
For instance, in the case of a 2013 Ford Fusion, a user sought advice on replacing a blown electric module with a used module and whether reprogramming was possible. The response indicated that reprogramming is feasible, but the process would require the expertise of a mechanic specialising in the specific vehicle make and model.
Similarly, for a 2013 Ford Escape S 2.5L, the owner experienced a "steering assist fault" and was unable to move the steering wheel. While the specific resolution is not mentioned, the issue appears related to the electric power steering rack and pinion.
In another instance, a Dodge Ram 1500 owner heard a popping noise when turning hard left, which a mechanic attributed to the rack and pinion. The owner inquired about the need for programming during replacement, indicating that some vehicles with electric power steering may require calibration or programming after repairs.
It is important to emphasise that attempting to replace and reprogram an electric module without proper knowledge and tools can be dangerous and may void warranties. Therefore, consulting a qualified professional is highly recommended.
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Programming used modules
It is possible to replace a faulty electric module with a used module and reprogram it. This process involves programming the used module to the existing rack and pinion. Reprogramming can be done by a mechanic, who will require the make and model of the vehicle to perform the correct programming.
For example, a 2013 Ford Fusion with a faulty electric module can be replaced with a used module and reprogrammed. Similarly, a 2013 Ford Escape S 2.5L that displays a "steering assist fault service required" message and has steering issues can also have its electric module replaced and reprogrammed.
In some cases, programming may be required when installing a new rack and pinion system. For instance, a 2018 Dodge Ram 1500 with an electric power-assisted steering rack may require programming. Following the service manual directions and securing the steering wheel from moving should make the process straightforward.
It is important to consult with a mechanic or a specialist to ensure the correct programming procedure for the specific vehicle and system. They can provide guidance on the necessary tools and equipment for programming the used modules.
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Steering system repair
Electric power steering systems use a permanent magnetic motor connected to the steering gear. This motor turns the steering wheel, which in turn moves the front wheels in the desired direction. Sensors detect the direction the steering wheel should move in and facilitate movement in that direction.
Signs of a Power Steering Problem
There are several signs that your power steering needs repair. A stiff steering wheel is a common problem, and slow steering response may indicate a problem with the steering system. A steering wheel that is too loose is also a warning sign. If the vehicle wanders as you steer, the system needs checking. Noises such as squealing, whining, and groaning can also indicate steering problems. Groaning noises, in particular, can indicate contaminated power steering fluid or a deficiency of the liquid, which can damage other parts of the system. Low fluid levels in a car, such as braking fluid, coolant, or oil, will also affect your power steering.
Diagnosis and Repair
It is important to get a proper diagnosis of steering problems, especially as issues with steering systems can affect vehicle safety and make vehicles difficult to drive. While some problems are specific to certain vehicles, vibrations felt in the steering wheel are a common complaint. This problem doesn't always originate from steering system components, so it is important to quickly establish where the vibration is coming from. A "steering" vibration that only happens while braking is likely to be caused by front brake rotors.
Problems with electric steering systems usually indicate a failure somewhere in the electric power steering system. A scan tool and service information are needed to diagnose and repair the vehicle properly. If you don’t have access to a scan tool, you can start the diagnosis by checking fuses, checking for binding or damage, checking that wiring is intact and correctly installed, and checking that the battery voltage is OK. However, to diagnose and repair problems properly, you need to check for codes and data in the modules.
Electric power steering components typically aren’t repairable – they’re replaced individually. If electric steering is stiff in only one direction, the usual cause is that the steering system is out of calibration, and the usual fix is to recalibrate it with a scan tool. Loss of power assist or low assist is most often caused by a low power steering fluid level, lack of power steering fluid pressure, or actual binding steering or suspension components.
Cost of Repair
The cost of repairing a power steering fluid system is between $500 and $650. The exact cost depends on the damage and its extent. It is usually better to replace than repair a steering rack. The cost of replacing a power steering rack varies depending on the vehicle manufacturer, but it is typically between $834.75 and $755.25.
There are also power steering repair kits available on the market, which provide top-of-the-range parts to get your vehicle back up to scratch.
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Calibration
Four-Wheel Alignment
This step is indispensable for the calibration process. It involves accurately measuring the angle and position of the four wheels in relation to the steering wheel and steering system. This ensures that all four wheels are properly aligned, which is essential for the vehicle's steering performance and driving safety.
Steering Angle Sensor Calibration
Modern vehicles with electronic power steering systems rely on steering angle sensors to judge the input of the steering wheel. After replacing the rack and pinion, the steering angle sensor needs to be recalibrated. This ensures that the sensor accurately communicates with the steering wheel and the power steering pump. If the sensor is not calibrating properly, there may be an issue with the wiring, connections, or the sensor itself.
Torque Wrench Adjustment
Technicians use torque wrenches during installation and calibration to ensure that bolts are tightened to the correct torque specification. This step helps prevent rack and pinion position deviation caused by loose bolts, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the steering system.
Post-Calibration Checks
Even if the vehicle appears to be running normally after calibration, it is recommended to perform a calibration check. Slight deviations may not be noticeable initially but can lead to issues such as uneven tire wear or further damage to the steering system over time. Therefore, a professional vehicle maintenance technician should inspect the system to ensure optimal performance and safety.
By following these calibration steps and performing thorough checks, you can ensure that your electric rack and pinion system is functioning correctly, providing a smooth and safe driving experience.
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Electric power steering
The electric power steering system consists of several key components, including the steering wheel, torque sensor, electronic control unit (ECU), and the electric motor. The torque sensor detects the driver's input and sends a signal to the ECU, which then activates the electric motor to provide assistance. This motor is attached to the steering rack, which is the component that actually turns the wheels.
Programming or calibrating an electric rack and pinion system is sometimes necessary when replacing or repairing steering system components. This process can vary depending on the vehicle's specific make and model, so it is important to refer to the service manual for detailed instructions. In general, the process involves securing the steering wheel from moving during the calibration. This can be done using ratcheting tie-downs to lift and secure the vehicle.
It is important to note that working on a vehicle's steering system can be complex, and it is always recommended to consult a qualified mechanic or a specialist for guidance or assistance. They will have the necessary tools, knowledge, and experience to ensure that any repairs or replacements are done correctly and safely.
Additionally, when considering replacing components, it is worth exploring both new and used options. Used modules, for example, can often be reprogrammed onto an existing rack and pinion system, offering a cost-effective solution.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, you can replace and reprogram a used electric module on a rack and pinion.
If you are experiencing steering problems, such as difficulty turning the steering wheel or a steering assist fault service notification, it may be time to replace your electric rack and pinion.
Yes, an electric power-assisted steering rack typically has two power connections on the driver's side of the rack, and it needs to be programmed or calibrated. You can follow the service manual directions to secure the steering wheel from moving during the programming process.
