Umair Gaines
Electric choke solenoids are used in boats with 2-stroke motors to aid with cold starts. They can sometimes malfunction, causing issues with starting the engine. Troubleshooting an electric choke solenoid typically involves checking the voltage, inspecting the wires and connections, and cleaning or replacing the solenoid if necessary.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Testing a choke solenoid | Put the choke solenoid on 12v; check the push-in switch; check the wires from the coil to identify + and -; check the voltage in the solenoid circuit with a voltmeter |
| Troubleshooting a choke solenoid | Check the choke signal; disconnect the choke and use it manually; remove the magnet from the solenoid; check the ground contacts for gunk, clean the plunger or use WD-40; check if the object the solenoid is supposed to move, moves as planned |
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What You'll Learn
Testing a choke solenoid
Firstly, it is important to check the choke solenoid's voltage. This can be done by attaching a spare battery to the choke solenoid and observing whether it clicks. Alternatively, one can push the choke button and read the voltage at the solenoid connection to see if voltage is being received.
Secondly, the choke solenoid's wires should be inspected. There are usually three wires: one earth wire and two others. One should trace these wires to see where they connect and then determine, with the help of a voltmeter, where voltage is present in the solenoid circuit.
Thirdly, the choke solenoid's switch should be tested. This can be done by turning on the ignition switch and then depressing the switch, which should cause the choke solenoid to energize and pull the plunger/linkage to close the carb choke plates. If the choke solenoid does not energize, it may be necessary to manually choke the engine by lifting the fast idle arm to maximum or using the pull choke.
Finally, it is important to check the choke solenoid's connections and ensure they are secure and not stuck or shorting. If the choke solenoid is stuck, it may be necessary to disconnect it and use the manual choke until repairs can be made.
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Cleaning a choke solenoid
To clean a choke solenoid, you must first identify the issue. A common problem with choke solenoids is that they can become gummed up, particularly in cold temperatures, which can cause them to stick or fail to make a clicking noise when activated.
To clean the solenoid, you can start by disconnecting it from the battery or power source. This is important for safety reasons, as you don't want the solenoid to accidentally activate while you are cleaning it. Once it is disconnected, you can begin the cleaning process.
Using a soft cloth or brush, gently wipe down the solenoid to remove any visible dirt, grease, or debris. Pay close attention to the area around the plunger or the plastic piece attached to the carb butterflies, as this is where the solenoid creates a magnetic field to activate. You may need to use a mild solvent or cleaning solution to help loosen and remove any built-up grime. Be sure to dry the solenoid thoroughly after cleaning to prevent corrosion.
If the solenoid is stuck, you may need to take it apart for a more thorough cleaning. This may involve removing the magnet or plunger to access the internal components. Be sure to keep track of how you disassemble the solenoid so that you can properly reassemble it later. Clean the internal parts with a soft brush or cloth, being careful not to damage any delicate components.
Finally, once the solenoid is clean and dry, you can reassemble it if you had taken it apart. Make sure all the parts are properly aligned and secured before reconnecting it to the power source. Test the solenoid by activating it and listening for the clicking noise, which indicates that it is functioning properly.
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Understanding the choke solenoid mechanism
The choke is a valve that restricts airflow into the carburettor, causing the fuel-air mix to run rich. This is done to allow a cold engine to start and warm up. Once the engine is warm, the choke is opened to allow normal operation. The choke does not control the fuel flow; instead, it regulates airflow. This ensures the engine gets a rich fuel mix during a cold start.
The choke solenoid is an electromagnet or coil of wire that wraps around the sleeve and has positive and negative terminals that connect to the battery or voltage source. The solenoid operates based on the voltage fed to it by the vehicle's battery. The voltage intensity applied to the solenoid determines how far the plunger will move, which regulates the airflow.
The choke solenoid can be activated by lifting the fast idle arm to the maximum. The choke solenoid can also be activated by pushing down on the key with the engine off but the ignition on. If the solenoid is working, a clicking sound should be heard.
The choke timing mechanism can be a centre pointer or a bimetallic heating element. Worn-out air filters around the plunger can cause dust accumulation, resulting in a sticky plunger. Internal shorting in the solenoid can also cause the plunger to fail. If the plunger fails in the closed position, it will restrict airflow to the carburettor, causing the engine to run rich after warming up.
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Troubleshooting a faulty choke solenoid
Understanding the Issue:
Firstly, it's important to recognize the signs of a faulty choke solenoid. Common symptoms include difficulty starting the engine, especially during cold starts or after the engine has warmed up. This could manifest as a complete failure to start or an engine that runs poorly and then dies shortly after. Chattering or unusual noises coming from the solenoid can also indicate an issue.
Initial Checks:
Before diving into more complex troubleshooting, there are some initial checks to perform. Ensure the choke is fully opening and the air filter is clean and not clogged. Check for any signs of melting or sticky residue around the solenoid, as this could indicate that it has gotten too hot and stuck in the on position, as seen in some cases with the 1989 Mercury 4-stroke engine.
Voltage Testing:
Testing the voltage at the solenoid connection is a crucial step. When you push the choke button, check if voltage is reaching the solenoid. This can be done by measuring the voltage at the connection without removing the solenoid. If there is no voltage, the issue may lie with the wiring or the key switch.
Process of Elimination:
If the voltage test indicates a lack of power, further investigation is needed. Try placing your hand on the solenoid while turning the key. If you feel chattering, the issue could be related to a faulty start relay or a bad ground connection. A process of elimination can help identify if the problem is with the solenoid itself, the wiring, or the key switch.
Temporary Workaround:
In some cases, such as when the solenoid is stuck in the on position, you may be able to disconnect it temporarily and use the manual choke. However, it's important to properly terminate the choke signal by wrapping the wire with electrical tape to avoid any conductive contact. This is only a temporary solution while you source a replacement solenoid and fix any wiring issues.
Remember to consult a professional mechanic or marine technician if you're unsure about any aspect of the troubleshooting process or the required repairs.
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Replacing a choke solenoid
Firstly, it is important to identify the issue with the choke solenoid. Common problems include a stuck choke, gunk buildup, or a faulty connection. It is also important to refer to your owner's manual or seek advice from a qualified technician to ensure you are using the correct replacement part.
Once the issue has been identified, you can begin the replacement process. Disconnect the battery to ensure safety and prevent any damage. Next, locate the choke solenoid, which is usually found near the carburettor or engine. Refer to your owner's manual or seek advice from a technician if you are unsure about the location.
After locating the choke solenoid, carefully disconnect any wires or linkages attached to it. Take note of the routing and orientation of the wires to ensure proper reconnection during installation of the new solenoid. Once the old solenoid is removed, compare it with the new one to ensure they are identical.
Install the new choke solenoid by connecting the wires and linkages in the same manner as the old one. Ensure that all connections are secure and that there is no damage to the wires or components. Once the new solenoid is installed, reconnect the battery and test the choke function to ensure it is operating correctly.
Finally, it is important to address the root cause of the issue to prevent recurrence. For example, if the choke solenoid failed due to gunk buildup, it is important to clean the area and ensure proper maintenance to prevent future issues. Additionally, regular maintenance and inspections of the choke solenoid and its components can help extend its lifespan and ensure reliable operation.
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Frequently asked questions
You can test a choke solenoid by connecting it to a 12v battery. You can also test it by pushing the choke button and reading the voltage at the solenoid connection to see if you are getting voltage.
If your choke solenoid is not working, it could be due to a faulty solenoid, a bad ground, or a problem with the plunger. Check the connections and ensure that the plunger moves freely.
Yes, you can disconnect the choke solenoid and use the choke manually. However, make sure to properly terminate the choke signal and insulate any exposed wires.
You can try using WD-40 or a similar lubricant to clean and lubricate the plunger. Ensure that no lubricant gets on any wires.
Electric choke solenoids can gum up over time, especially if they are not used frequently. They can also weaken over time due to heat exposure.
