Wiktor Wise
Electric infrastructure switching upgrade CPS, or Control and Protection Switching Gear, is a type of starter-controller that performs control and protection functions simultaneously, such as overload and short-circuit protection. CPS may consist of a single device or multiple devices, offering modularity and additional functions such as insulation. Upgrades to electric infrastructure switching CPS are necessary to meet growing power demands from various sectors, including data centers, electrification of transportation, and developed and developing nations. These upgrades aim to improve grid capacity and distribution networks to handle increased loads and support the integration of renewable energy sources.
Characteristics and Values of Electric Infrastructure Switching Upgrade CPS
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Control and protection switching gear (CPS) | Fulfils control and protection functions simultaneously, including overload and short-circuit protection |
| Compliance | Complies with standard IEC 60947-6-2, defining assigned values and utilisation categories |
| Functions | Combined and coordinated to allow uptime at all currents up to the Ics working short-circuit breaking capacity |
| Modularity | Offers identical or greater modularity than a "three product" motor starter unit solution |
| Communication options | Modbus-RTU, Profibus-DP, DeviceNet, CAN-Open, AS-I, etc. |
| Infrastructure upgrades | Low- and mid-voltage switchgear, transformers, and transmission infrastructure |
| Investment growth rate | Needs to increase from 2-3% to double digits to keep pace with advancements |
| Dynamic line rating (DLR) | Can unlock up to 40% additional capacity from existing infrastructure |
| Advanced technologies | Can support up to 100 GW of incremental peak demand when installed individually or in combinations |
| Cost savings | Can defer $5 billion to $35 billion in T&D infrastructure costs over five years |
| CPS Energy | Installs overhead service infrastructure and performs inspections |
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What You'll Learn
Control and protection switching gear (CPS)
The main protection functions of a CPS include overload, phase failure, and short circuit, as well as undervoltage and overvoltage. These functions are coordinated to ensure the CPS can continue to operate after breaking up to its rated operating short-circuit current. The main control functions include local and remote manual control, as well as automatic control. CPS integrates the functions of various electrical components, such as isolators, circuit breakers, contactors, and overload protection relays.
CPS devices offer identical or greater modularity than traditional "three-product" motor starter unit solutions. They can also provide additional functions, such as insulation, and comply with IEC 60947 standards, which define the assigned values and utilisation categories of a CPS. CPS devices can also have additional functionalities installed, such as communication options and auxiliary contact modules.
The CPS-125 Control and Protection Switch, developed by JYIELE, is an example of a CPS device. It integrates the major functions of independent components, such as circuit breakers and contactors, and various signals, achieving automatic coordination between control and protection features. It is small in size, has high short-circuit-breaking performance, a long electro-mechanical life, high operational reliability, and safe and convenient operation.
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Electric grid infrastructure upgrades
One of the primary reasons for electric grid infrastructure upgrades is the growing demand for electricity. This is driven by several factors, including the rise of energy-intensive industries such as data centres, the electrification of the transportation sector, and the increasing power requirements of developed and developing nations. To meet this rising demand, upgrades may include expanding the number of transmission lines, increasing their capacity, and integrating renewable energy sources.
Aging infrastructure is another critical issue addressed by electric grid infrastructure upgrades. Much of the existing grid infrastructure was built decades ago and is approaching the end of its typical lifecycle. Upgrading these aging power lines and equipment is essential to prevent power outages, reduce susceptibility to cyber-attacks, and enhance the overall reliability of the grid. This involves investing in modern technologies, such as high-performance conductors and dynamic line ratings (DLRs), to enable existing lines to carry more power and improve grid efficiency.
Additionally, electric grid infrastructure upgrades play a crucial role in facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources. As countries transition away from fossil fuels, there is a growing emphasis on harnessing clean energy from sources like wind and solar. Upgrading the grid enables the efficient transmission and distribution of electricity generated from these renewable sources to communities, supporting the goal of achieving net-zero emissions and enhancing energy security.
The scope of electric grid infrastructure upgrades varies depending on the specific needs and challenges of each region. For example, the Great Grid Upgrade in England and Wales comprises 17 major infrastructure projects aimed at scaling up the grid and updating existing networks to carry more clean energy. Similarly, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has set a goal to upgrade 100,000 miles of transmission lines in the next five years, investing in advanced technologies to support incremental peak demand and defer infrastructure costs.
Overall, electric grid infrastructure upgrades are essential to ensure a reliable and sustainable electricity supply. By addressing the challenges of aging infrastructure, increasing energy demand, and the integration of renewable energy sources, these upgrades contribute to a more resilient and efficient power grid, benefiting communities, economies, and the environment.
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Insufficient grid capacity
The power grid in many areas was initially designed for a centralised generation system, where electricity is generated at large power plants and distributed outward. However, this infrastructure is now outdated and unable to keep up with the evolving energy landscape, especially with the integration of renewable energy sources. The rapid increase in renewable energy generation strains the ageing infrastructure, resulting in renewable energy overwhelming the system and forcing generators to shut down or pay for costly reinforcements.
Capacity constraints arise when the grid's infrastructure cannot manage the volume of electricity being generated and consumed. This occurs in both high-voltage transmission lines and lower-voltage distribution networks. Transmission bottlenecks are caused by high demand or inadequate infrastructure, leading to congestion in lines. Distribution overload is more prevalent in urban areas with growing energy demands, where the strain on networks is more pronounced.
The integration of renewable energy sources introduces another layer of complexity. Surges or drops in power from renewables can exceed grid capacity, leading to inefficiencies and potential energy curtailment. This volatility in renewable energy generation can impact the grid's ability to maintain a stable and reliable power supply.
Upgrading and expanding grid infrastructure is essential to address insufficient grid capacity. While grid investment is expensive, the cost of inaction is even higher. For example, an analysis of the Anglo-Scottish boundary revealed that customers could have saved up to £750 million over two and a half years if there had been greater grid capacity between the two regions.
In conclusion, insufficient grid capacity poses significant challenges to meeting modern energy demands and integrating renewable energy sources effectively. Upgrading and expanding grid infrastructure is crucial to enhancing capacity and ensuring a reliable power supply. By investing in the grid, we can not only address current capacity constraints but also lay the foundation for a more sustainable and resilient energy future.
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Streamlining approval of large transmission projects
Control and Protection Switching (CPS) gear, also known as "starter-controllers", are designed to perform control and protection functions simultaneously. They are also designed to carry out control operations in the event of a short circuit.
The process of building transmission lines is complicated by line ownership, siting and permitting lines, and cost allocation across regions. The lengthy approval process for transmission lines provides interested parties with many opportunities to voice their concerns. The Biden administration has proposed a streamlined process that would funnel approval processes through the Department of Energy, aiming to shorten the years-long process developers face. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission has also published an order that will require utilities to plan for transmission grid upgrades by looking ahead to where transmission will be needed over the next 20 or more years.
Companies developing new transmission line projects can now request assistance from the US Department of Energy (DOE) to accelerate government approvals. The DOE will coordinate reviews of proposed new transmission lines by federal, state, local, and tribal government agencies to cut the environmental review and approval time for such projects to two years. This expedited approval process is one of several measures the Biden administration has announced to expedite permitting for electric transmission projects.
The Council on Environmental Quality has adopted NEPA reforms intended to streamline project approvals. The DOE has designated 10 high-priority transmission corridors for expedited project development and published proposed eligibility criteria for transmission facility financing program loans for projects in these corridors. Transmission line developers submit an "integrated interagency preapplication" (IIP), after which the DOE will work with the developer to prepare an agency review schedule. Once the reviews are complete, the DOE will issue a single NEPA environmental impact statement for the project.
The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act has updated the process for designating National Interest Electric Transmission Corridors, which are areas subject to a streamlined permitting and approvals process for transmission projects. While these corridors have long been in theory, none have been designated yet.
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CPS Energy infrastructure and meter installation
CPS Energy provides electricity and gas services to its customers. The company installs infrastructure and meters for new home and commercial construction projects.
For new home construction, CPS Energy will install the infrastructure and meters, but they will be locked until the appropriate inspections are completed. The company conducts its own inspection, and if the site passes, they will schedule the infrastructure install and meter set within 15 business days. If the site fails the inspection, CPS Energy will notify the customer via email, and once the issues are corrected, another inspection can be scheduled. After the CPS Energy inspection, the city or municipality's successful electric and/or gas inspection is required before CPS Energy can turn on the service.
For new commercial construction, CPS Energy will review and approve metering diagrams, and the customer's designer will procure meter cans for installation. During the Design Phase, customers should apply for all required permits, and CPS Energy will apply for permits for their work. The final design, contract, and invoice will be provided at the end of this phase. The design may include overhead service, underground service, or both. If underground facilities are required, customers will receive a design with precise measurements from the source of power to the meter or transformer location. Customers are responsible for installing all underground electric infrastructure according to CPS Energy's design, and a CPS Energy inspector will inspect the installation.
CPS Energy also offers a Turnkey option or a developer install option for infrastructure installation, which must be approved by CPS Energy.
In terms of electrical infrastructure switching upgrades, CPS refers to "Control and Protection Switching gear". CPS or "starter-controllers" are designed to fulfil control and protection functions simultaneously, including overload and short-circuit protection. They also assure additional functions such as insulation and can offer greater modularity than a "three-product" motor starter unit solution.
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Frequently asked questions
Electric infrastructure switching upgrade CPS refers to Control and Protection Switching Gear (CPS). CPS, or "starter-controllers", are designed to carry out control and protection functions simultaneously and are used in electrical installations.
CPS can assure additional functions such as insulation and can offer identical or greater modularity than a "three-product" motor starter unit solution. CPS also complies with IEC standards, which define the assigned values and utilisation categories of a CPS.
The responsibility for funding electric infrastructure upgrades should be shared among grid operators, transmission operators, independent system operators, and the government.
Electric infrastructure upgrades are necessary to maintain and improve the grid's capacity to meet growing demands. Increased power demand from energy-intensive industries, the move towards greater electrification, and higher demand from developed and developing nations mean more electricity must be produced, and the distribution network must be able to handle increased loads.
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