Wiktor Wise
Electrical force, or electrostatic force, is the repulsive or attractive interaction between two charged bodies. The unit of electrical inductance, or the force between two electrically charged particles at rest, is measured in Henrys. This unit is defined by an electromotive force of one volt induced in a circuit by a one-ampere-per-second variation in the inducing current. Coulomb's law, an experimental law of physics, calculates the amount of electrical force between two charged particles.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Unit of electrical inductance | Henry |
| Unit of power | Watt |
| Unit of energy | Joule, Kilowatt-hour |
| Unit of intensity of light | Candela |
| Unit of flux of light | Lumen |
| Unit of electric force between two electrically charged particles at rest | Coulomb's law |
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What You'll Learn
Coulomb's law calculates the force between electrically charged particles at rest
Coulomb's law, named after French physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, is an experimental law of physics that calculates the amount of force between two electrically charged particles at rest. This electric force is also known as the electrostatic force or Coulomb force.
Coulomb's law states that the magnitude or absolute value of the attractive or repulsive electrostatic force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. In other words, the size of the force varies inversely as the square of the distance between the two charges. If the distance between the two charges is doubled, the attraction or repulsion becomes weaker, decreasing to one-fourth of the original value. If the charges come 10 times closer, the size of the force increases by a factor of 100.
The law is expressed by the following mathematical equation:
> F=k\dfrac{|q_{1}q_{2}|}{r^{2}},
Where q_{1} and q_{2} are two point charges separated by a distance r, and k≈8.99×10^{9}N⋅m^{2}/C^{2}. The electrostatic force is a vector quantity and is expressed in units of newtons. The force acts along the straight line joining the two charges.
Coulomb's law was first published in 1785 and was essential to the development of the theory of electromagnetism. It allowed for meaningful discussions of the amount of electric charge in a particle. The unit used to measure this charge is the coulomb (C).
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The unit of electrical inductance is the henry
The symbol for the unit is 'H', and it is defined as 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−2⋅A−2. In a circuit, a henry is the inductance when an electric current changing at one ampere per second results in an electromotive force of one volt across the inductor. In other words, if a current of 1 ampere flowing through a coil produces a flux linkage of 1 weber turn, that coil has a self-inductance of 1 henry.
The unit can also be expressed in other combinations of SI units:
- H = N × m / A^2 = J / A^2
- H = kg × m^2 / C^2 = s^2 / F
- H = T × m^2 / A = Wb / A
- H = V × s / A = Ω / (rad × Hz) = Ω × s / rad
Where:
- N = newton
- J = joule
- C = coulomb
- T = tesla
- Wb = weber
- V = volt
- Ω = ohm
- Rad = radian
- Hz = hertz
Coulomb's Law, published by French physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb in 1785, is an experimental law of physics that calculates the amount of force between two electrically charged particles at rest. This force is called the electrostatic force or Coulomb force. Coulomb's Law states that the magnitude of the attractive or repulsive electrostatic force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
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The unit of power is the watt
The watt is a derived unit, equal to one joule of energy per second. The joule is the unit of energy and is equivalent to the energy supplied by a power of one watt operating for one second. Another unit of energy is the kilowatt-hour, which is equal to the energy supplied by a power of one thousand watts operating for one hour.
The watt is a crucial unit in electrical systems, as it quantifies the rate at which electrical energy is transferred or transformed. This measurement is essential for various applications, from household electricity usage to industrial power generation.
Understanding power in terms of watts is fundamental in electrical engineering and design. It allows for the appropriate sizing and selection of electrical components, ensuring they can handle the required power demands. Additionally, wattage ratings are critical for safety considerations, helping to prevent overload and potential hazards.
The watt also plays a significant role in describing the performance of electrical devices. For example, the wattage of a lightbulb indicates its brightness, with higher wattages generally corresponding to greater luminosity. Similarly, in audio equipment, wattage can signify the power output and, consequently, the volume or sound pressure level a device can achieve.
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The unit of energy is the joule
Coulomb's law, an experimental law of physics, calculates the amount of force between two electrically charged particles at rest. The law states that the magnitude of the attractive or repulsive electrostatic force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. In other words, as the distance between two charged particles increases, the electrical force between them decreases.
Coulomb's law was first published in 1785 by French physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, who used a torsion balance to study the repulsion and attraction forces of charged particles. This law was essential to the development of the theory of electromagnetism.
Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects. This phenomenon was first described by Thales of Miletus around 600 BC, who noticed that friction could make a piece of amber attract small objects. In the 18th century, early investigators such as Daniel Bernoulli and Alessandro Volta measured the force between plates of a capacitor.
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The unit of light intensity is the candela
The unit of electrical force is the newton, but here is some information about the unit of light intensity, the candela.
The candela (cd) is the unit of luminous intensity in the International System of Units (SI). It measures the luminous power per unit solid angle emitted by a light source in a particular direction. Luminous intensity is analogous to radiant intensity, but instead of simply adding up the contributions of every wavelength of light in the source's spectrum, the contribution of each wavelength is weighted by the luminous efficiency function, the model of the sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths, standardized by the CIE and ISO.
The creation of incandescent lamps and LEDs has demanded a means to describe how intense these artificial light sources appear to the humans who use them. Scientists have created specific terms, both verbal and mathematical, to describe ideas of brightness. The candela is the sole SI unit that remains tied to human perception.
The candela was first defined in 1948 by the 9th CGPM as: "the luminous intensity, in the perpendicular direction, of a surface of 1/600,000 square meters of a black body at the temperature of freezing platinum under a pressure of 101,325 newtons per square meter." This definition referenced the historic brightness of a candle.
The modern definition of the candela, approved in 2018 as part of the 2019 revision of the SI, is: "the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10^12 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian."
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Frequently asked questions
Electrical force is the repulsive or attractive interaction between any two charged bodies. It is one of the various forces that act on objects.
The unit of electrical force is known as the Coulomb. Coulomb's law calculates the amount of force between two electrically charged particles at rest.
Coulomb's law is an experimental law of physics that calculates the amount of force between two electrically charged particles at rest. It states that the magnitude or absolute value of the attractive or repulsive electrostatic force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Other units of electrical measure include the henry (electrical inductance), the watt (power), the joule and the kilowatt-hour (energy), the candela (light intensity), and the lumen (flux of light).
