Umair Gaines
Voltage, current, and resistance are the three fundamental units of measurement in electrical quantities. Each unit of measurement is named after a famous experimenter in electricity: the amp after Andre M. Ampere, the volt after Alessandro Volta, and the ohm after Georg Simon Ohm. Voltage is commonly defined as electrical pressure, and the unit volt can be defined in terms of more fundamental physical units. The volt is a foundational unit of electrical measurement, and the amount of current in a circuit depends on the amount of voltage available to motivate the electrons.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Definition | Electrical pressure |
| Unit | Volt |
| Symbol | V |
| Named After | Italian Alessandro Volta |
| Relationship with Other Electrical Quantities | The amount of electric current through a metal conductor in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage impressed across it, for any given temperature. |
| Multiples and Submultiples | kV (kilo-volt) = 1,000 volts |
| mV (milli-volt) = 1/1000 of a volt | |
| Conversion to More Fundamental Units | Defined in terms of more fundamental physical units |
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What You'll Learn
The volt
Mathematically, Ohm's Law can be expressed as an equation where voltage (E or V) is equal to current (I) multiplied by resistance (R). This equation can be manipulated using algebra to solve for either current or resistance.
In practical terms, voltage is often stated as being "between" or "across" two points in a circuit. Voltage can be measured using a voltmeter, which is an electrical measuring instrument that can also measure current and resistance in a circuit.
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The amp
In the context of Ohm's Law, which describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit, the amp plays a crucial role. Discovered by Georg Simon Ohm in 1827, Ohm's Law states that the amount of electric current through a metal conductor in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage across it, for any given temperature. Mathematically, this relationship can be expressed as voltage (E) being equal to current (I) multiplied by resistance (R).
It is important to note that the unit of measurement for voltage, the volt, is named after the Italian Alessandro Volta. The volt represents the potential energy per unit charge available to motivate electrons from one point to another in a circuit.
In practical terms, the amp is used to quantify the rate of electric charge motion through a conductor. It is a fundamental concept in electrical engineering and plays a vital role in understanding and designing electrical circuits.
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The ohm
Ohm's Law, discovered by Georg Ohm and published in his 1827 paper, "The Galvanic Circuit Investigated Mathematically", states that the amount of electric current in a metal conductor in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage impressed across it, for any given temperature. Ohm expressed this discovery in the form of a simple equation: voltage (E) is equal to current (I) multiplied by resistance (R).
In other words, the voltage between two points in a circuit is equal to the product of the current and the resistance. This law can be manipulated algebraically to solve for either the current or the resistance in a circuit.
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The watt-hour
To calculate watt-hours, you need to multiply the power of the device in watts by the time period in hours. For example, if an air conditioner is rated at 1,000 watts and is used for 4 hours in one day, it consumes 4,000 watt-hours in that period.
Watt-hours are commonly used in the form of Wh (watt-hours), kWh (kilowatt-hour), which is 1,000 watt-hours, or MWh (megawatt-hour), which is 1,000,000 watt-hours. Electrical energy is typically sold to consumers in kilowatt-hours, with the cost calculated by multiplying the device's power consumption in kilowatts by the operating time in hours and the price per kilowatt-hour.
Watt-hours can be converted to joules, or to watts by dividing the energy in watt-hours by the time period in hours. Watt-hours can also be converted from milliamp or amp hours, which is useful for comparing the energy delivered by different batteries.
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The decibel
The method of expressing a ratio as a level in decibels depends on whether the measured property is a power quantity or a root-power quantity. When expressing a power ratio, it is defined as ten times the logarithm with base 10. That is, a change in power by a factor of 10 corresponds to a 10 dB change in level. When referring to measurements of power quantities, a ratio can be expressed as a level in decibels by evaluating ten times the base-10 logarithm of the ratio of the measured quantity to a reference value.
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