Trystan Casey
Building an electric skateboard is a challenging but rewarding endeavour. With the right parts and some careful planning, you can create a high-performance electric skateboard that rivals consumer brands in speed and range, all on a small budget. This process involves selecting and assembling the right motors, batteries, and speed controllers, as well as designing a sturdy and stylish deck. The result is a fun, self-made ride with impressive braking abilities and hill-climbing capabilities.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Motor | Brushless out-runners for rc planes are commonly used. A low kv such as the turnigy sk3 213kv or the smaller ntm prop drive 270kv are good choices. |
| Speed Controller (ESC) | Should support very high amps. HV in the name usually indicates this. Get a good quality car one as cheaper ones can burn out. |
| Battery | Lithium Polymer (LiPo) is commonly used. Larger capacity batteries allow for longer rides. |
| Speed | Electric skateboards can reach speeds of 20-40 mph, depending on the build. |
| Range | Depending on the battery setup, electric skateboards can have a range of 6-20+ miles per charge. |
| Hill Climbing | Depending on the build setup, electric skateboards can climb 20-30% hill inclines. |
| Braking | Electronic brake functionality can be implemented through the ESC. |
| Materials | Brushed aluminium and carbon fibre vinyl can be used for the bottom plate and body, respectively. |
| Design | A longboard deck is recommended for stability and a smoother ride. |
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What You'll Learn
Choosing the right motor
Power and Torque
The motor you choose should have sufficient power and torque to propel your electric skateboard effectively. Look for motors with high power and torque ratings to ensure a smooth and efficient ride. Brushless out-runners, commonly used for rc planes, are a popular choice for electric skateboards due to their high performance.
KV Rating
When selecting a motor, consider its KV rating, which represents the speed of the motor. A lower KV rating, such as the Turnigy SK3 213KV or the NTM Prop Drive 270KV, is generally recommended for electric skateboards. These motors provide higher torque and better low-end power, making them suitable for accelerating from a stop and climbing hills.
Compatibility
Ensure that the motor you choose is compatible with your skateboard setup. Consider the size and weight of your skateboard and select a motor that can handle the load effectively. Additionally, make sure the motor can be mounted securely onto your skateboard trucks or deck. Some motors come with bolt-on motor mounts, making installation easier.
Battery and ESC Compatibility
Choose a motor that is compatible with your battery and Electronic Speed Controller (ESC). Ensure that the motor can handle the voltage and current output of your battery and that it can be controlled effectively by your ESC. Look for motors that can plug directly into your chosen battery and ESC to simplify the installation process.
Price and Performance
Consider your budget when choosing a motor, as prices can vary significantly. While you may be tempted to opt for a cheaper motor, keep in mind that higher-quality motors often provide better performance and longevity. However, if you are on a tight budget, consider looking for smaller or less powerful motors that still offer good value for money.
In summary, selecting the right motor for your electric skateboard involves considering factors such as power, torque, KV rating, compatibility, and price. By choosing a motor that meets your specific requirements and is compatible with your setup, you can ensure a safe, efficient, and enjoyable riding experience.
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Battery options
When using LiPo batteries, you'll need to take extra care as they can be volatile. Additionally, charging these batteries can be a hassle, as you may need to disassemble your board to access the battery. If you opt for LiPo, ensure your battery is securely held in place with adequate airflow for cooling.
The performance of your electric skateboard will depend on the battery's amperage. A higher amp rating will allow for more current draw, resulting in increased power and speed. When selecting a battery, ensure it can handle the current draw required by your motor. As a reference, a battery that can deliver 95 amps will cost you over $250.
You can also explore battery packs specifically designed for electric skateboards, which offer convenience and performance. These battery packs are available from various retailers and can provide a range of 6 to 20+ miles per charge, depending on your setup.
Remember, the battery you choose will significantly impact your riding experience, so consider your budget, performance requirements, and safety precautions when making your decision.
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Speed and safety
When building an electric skateboard, safety should be a top priority. It is important to be aware of your surroundings and potential obstacles in your path, such as potholes, debris, pedestrians, and other vehicles. Hitting an unexpected obstacle at high speed can lead to accidents, so it is crucial to maintain a safe speed and be prepared for sudden stops or turns.
The speed of your electric skateboard will depend on various factors, including the motor, battery, and electronic speed controller (ESC). A single motor can typically reach speeds of 24+ mph, while high-voltage dual motor setups can achieve 35+ mph. The range and hill-climbing ability will also depend on the build setup, with a typical range of 6 to 20+ miles per charge and the ability to climb 20-30% hill inclines.
To ensure safety, it is essential to wear the proper safety gear, including a well-fitting helmet, wrist guards, and elbow and knee pads. It is also crucial to maintain and clean your electric skateboard regularly, especially after riding on dirt or rough terrain, as dust and debris can accumulate and impact performance.
Additionally, understanding your skateboard's braking capabilities is vital. Electric skateboards typically use friction brakes or regenerative brakes. Friction brakes may require regular maintenance, such as replacing worn-out brake pads, while regenerative brakes are more efficient and require less maintenance. Practice using these brakes in a controlled and safe environment before venturing onto public streets or more challenging terrain.
Advanced remote control settings can provide more precise control over speed and acceleration, allowing you to adjust your riding mode according to your skill level and the surrounding conditions.
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Enclosure design
Firstly, decide on the materials you want to use for the enclosure. One option is to 3D print it, which offers customization and the ability to create unique designs. Alternatively, you can use materials like black polycarbonate, which can be cut and shaped to form a simple box enclosure.
The enclosure should be designed to fit snugly around the electronics, providing protection without adding excessive bulk to the skateboard. Consider the placement of the electronics and how the enclosure will be mounted to the skateboard. The enclosure can be secured using 3D-printed brackets or other mounting solutions.
To ensure the functionality of the electronics, incorporate mesh or vents in the enclosure design to allow for adequate airflow and cooling. This will help prevent overheating during operation. Additionally, consider the accessibility of the electronics for maintenance or upgrades. You may want to include a lid or removable panel in your design, secured with hinges and Velcro straps, for easy access to the internal components.
For aesthetics and personalization, you can choose different materials and finishes for the enclosure. For example, brushed aluminium for the bottom plate and carbon fibre vinyl for the main body can add a stylish touch to the design.
Lastly, don't forget to incorporate any additional features you may want, such as LED lights, switches, or displays. These can be integrated into the enclosure design to enhance the functionality and visual appeal of your electric skateboard.
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Aesthetics and functionality
When it comes to the aesthetics and functionality of your electric skateboard, there are several factors to consider. Firstly, the type of board you choose will impact both its appearance and performance. A longboard deck offers better stability, a smoother ride, and more space for your electronics, whereas a traditional skateboard deck may be more manoeuvrable but will have less room for components and may be more prone to speed wobbles at higher velocities.
The materials you select for the board's construction will also influence its aesthetic appeal and functionality. Brushed aluminium and carbon fibre vinyl, for instance, can enhance the look of your board while also providing strength and durability. Additionally, consider adding a padded handle to improve portability and comfort when carrying your board.
The electronics and their enclosure are another critical aspect of aesthetics and functionality. You can 3D print or construct a custom enclosure to protect your electronics from damage and moisture, which also gives your board a neat appearance. Consider including LED displays to show speed and voltage readings, and ensure you have a reliable speed controller (ESC) that can handle high amps and support your desired remote control functionality.
Lastly, the motor and batteries you choose will impact both the performance and aesthetics of your board. Motors with high power and torque are essential, and you may want to opt for a smaller, cheaper motor if you're using a smaller battery. Lithium Polymer (LiPo) batteries are popular due to their power-to-weight ratio, but they require careful handling and can be a fire hazard if damaged. Always follow safety guidelines and consult experts or online resources if you're unsure about any aspect of your build.
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Frequently asked questions
It is recommended to use a longboard deck rather than a skateboard as it gives you more stability, a smoother ride, and more space for your components.
Motors need to have high power and torque. Brushless out-runners for rc planes are commonly used. You need one with a low kv such as the Turnigy sk3 213kv or the smaller NTM prop drive 270kv.
An ESC, or Electronic Speed Controller, is a key element of your electric skateboard. It needs to be able to support very high amps and combine the working of the battery and motor. You should get one that your chosen motor and batteries can plug straight into.
Most people use Lithium Polymer (LiPo) batteries. You should get a 10s battery and make sure you balance it with voltage and be compliant with the motor-rated voltage.
