Molly Ayala
Building a portable electrical sprayer is a great DIY project that can be completed using inexpensive parts and materials. The design and assembly of the sprayer will depend on its intended use, with various types of sprayers serving different functions. For example, a small-area sprayer is ideal for accurately and uniformly applying low rates of pesticides, while a boom sprayer is suitable for covering larger areas. The pump is the centerpiece of any sprayer, with the majority of turf/spot sprayers utilizing a 12-volt electric diaphragm pump. The design and construction process should consider factors such as the placement of control knobs, the use of strainers to protect the pump, and the assembly of the framework, nozzles, and hoses. With careful planning and the right components, building a portable electrical sprayer can be a rewarding project that saves time and effort in various applications, from lawn care to viticulture.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Purpose | To build a portable electric sprayer that is easy to use, time-efficient, and less strenuous. |
| Design Objectives | Easy to build, assemble, and disassemble for storage. The ability to use the wagon and leaf blower for other purposes. |
| Type of Sprayer | Portable electric sprayer with a trolley or backpack design. |
| Pump | 12-volt electric diaphragm pump with a "wobble" plate that opens and closes different valves to draw liquid through. |
| Pump Features | Adjustable pressure screw, automatic shut-off at target pressure, and quick-attach or union swivels for easy installation. |
| Nozzles | Boomless or multi-nozzle boom with nozzle bodies to connect to the boom. |
| Hose | Long sprayer hose for flexibility. |
| Power Source | 12V battery, with battery wires connected to the pump without polarity. |
| Additional Components | Strainer on the suction side of the pump to prevent plugging, pressure gauge for consistent pressure, and plumbing fittings/control components. |
| Materials | PVC for the framework, purchased from a local hardware store. |
| Cost | Approximately $300 for all parts, including a $100 tank, pump, and hose. |
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What You'll Learn
Choosing the right pump
Type of Pump
The two main types of pumps for portable electric sprayers are manual piston pumps and battery-powered pumps. Manual piston pumps have a large handle that the user pumps manually to pressurize the tank. This type of pump is economical and suitable for treating soil and lawn pests. Battery-powered pumps, on the other hand, have a small electric motor that creates pressure in the tank, eliminating the need for manual pumping. This type of pump is ideal for rigorous projects and can be found in backpack sprayers, which allow you to carry heavier loads with ease.
Pump Performance
When choosing a pump, consider its performance characteristics such as flow rate and pressure. Large diaphragm pumps can move large volumes of liquid at high pressures, making them suitable for long-range or vertical spraying. Smaller diaphragm pumps, such as 12-volt diaphragm pumps, are commonly used in portable sprayer setups and have lower flow rates and pressure capabilities compared to other pump types.
Compatibility
Ensure that the pump you choose is compatible with your sprayer setup. Consider the size of your boom and the number of nozzles you will be using. Smaller diaphragm pumps may only work with a limited number of nozzles, depending on their size. Additionally, the length of your hose will determine the pump's pressure requirements. Longer hoses require higher pressure ratings to ensure adequate spray distance.
Durability and Maintenance
Consider the durability and maintenance requirements of the pump. Look for pumps that offer good resistance to abrasive and viscous fluids, as well as chemical resistance to handle a variety of chemicals without damage. In terms of maintenance, some pumps may offer quick-attach or union swivels, making it easier to install and switch out components.
Cost
Finally, consider the cost of the pump. Smaller diaphragm pumps tend to be more affordable compared to other pump types. However, it's important to balance cost with performance and choose a pump that meets your specific needs without compromising quality or durability.
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Attaching the nozzles
Firstly, determine the number of nozzles you need. A simple spray boom with two or three nozzles can provide adequate coverage for most applications. The number of nozzles will influence the width of your spray pattern and the volume of liquid sprayed.
Next, select the appropriate nozzle type. There are various options available, such as adjustable nozzles that allow you to set the spray pattern, or boomless nozzles that provide a wide coverage area without the need for a separate spray boom. Teejet XP Boomless nozzles, for example, can cover a swath of about 20 feet when used together.
Now, it's time to assemble the spray boom. The boom is the component that holds the nozzles and connects them to the sprayer. Nozzle bodies are used to connect the nozzles to the boom and typically have a hose barb or shank for attaching the supply hose. You can also use "wet" boom-style nozzle bodies, which are clamped over a pipe with small holes that feed the spray solution to the nozzles.
When attaching the nozzles to the boom, ensure that the placement is correct. Mark the framework of your sprayer to indicate the left-hand and right-hand locations of the nozzles. This will ensure that the spray pattern is aligned correctly.
Finally, install a small strainer on the suction side of your pump to protect it and prevent the nozzles from plugging. A mesh screen with an appropriate size, such as a 40-50 mesh, can be used to keep debris from damaging the nozzles while still allowing for adequate flow.
By following these steps and choosing the right components, you can effectively attach the nozzles to your portable electric sprayer, ensuring optimal performance and coverage.
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Adding a pressure gauge
A pressure gauge is a critical component of a portable electric sprayer, ensuring consistent pressure when using a pump-up backpack sprayer. It is essential for maintaining the desired pressure levels and preventing over-pressurisation, which could lead to equipment damage or malfunction. Here is a step-by-step guide to adding a pressure gauge to your portable electric sprayer:
Firstly, source a suitable pressure gauge for your sprayer. You can find pressure gauges specifically designed for sprayers online or at specialised hardware stores. Ensure that the pressure gauge you choose is compatible with your sprayer's pump and power source.
Next, determine the optimal location for the pressure gauge on your sprayer. It should be easily visible and accessible for monitoring and adjustments during use. Consider the overall layout of your sprayer and choose a spot that is convenient and does not interfere with other components.
Now, carefully assemble the pressure gauge onto your sprayer. This may involve some basic plumbing and mechanical skills. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for the pressure gauge, ensuring that you use the correct fittings and connections. Make sure that all connections are secure and sealed to prevent leaks.
Once the pressure gauge is in place, test the sprayer to ensure that it functions correctly. Pay close attention to the pressure readings on the gauge as you operate the sprayer. Adjust the pressure according to your desired settings, referring to the manufacturer's instructions for your specific sprayer model.
Finally, it is important to maintain and calibrate your pressure gauge periodically. Refer to the manufacturer's recommendations for care and maintenance, including any specific cleaning or lubrication requirements. Regular calibration will ensure that your pressure gauge provides accurate readings, allowing you to maintain the desired pressure levels for effective spraying.
By following these steps, you can successfully add a pressure gauge to your portable electric sprayer, enhancing its functionality and ensuring consistent and controlled spraying operations.
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Installing a strainer
There are several types of strainers available, each with its own unique design and functionality. The most common types include:
- Line strainers: These strainers are installed in the suction line between the tank and the sprayer pump. They are designed to prevent clogging and damage to the spray equipment. Line strainers typically consist of a housing, which contains the filter screen, and inlet/outlet connection ports for hoses or pipes.
- Suction strainers: Similar to line strainers, these are also installed in the suction line between the tank and the sprayer pump.
- Hose-end strainers: These strainers are placed at the inlet of a suction hose.
- Boom strainers: Installed at the start of each boom section, these strainers ensure that the liquid being sprayed is free of any debris that could clog nozzles.
- Tank strainers: Also known as "basket" strainers, these are placed in the tank opening, allowing liquid in while catching any other objects that may fall in.
- Y strainers: Shaped like the letter "Y", these strainers are commonly used in agricultural and industrial liquid flow applications where the amount of debris is relatively small. They are typically lightweight and made of polypropylene, making them corrosion-resistant.
- T strainers: Named after their T-shape, these strainers have a larger holding capacity and can be configured in various ways, including self-cleaning designs.
When installing a strainer, it is important to consider the flow rate of the sprayer. Choosing a strainer that is too small may cause a pressure drop and impact the sprayer's performance. As a general rule, ensure that the port size of the strainer is no smaller than the size of the line it is installed in. Additionally, the strainer should be the same size or larger than the last strainer on the sprayer pump or boom.
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Assembling the framework
The framework of your portable electric sprayer will be the foundation that holds all the other components together. Here is a step-by-step guide to assembling the framework:
Firstly, gather all the parts and lay them out in front of you. This will help you visualize the building process and ensure you have all the necessary components. The framework will be made from PVC pipes, which are lightweight, inexpensive, and easy to work with. Cut the PVC pipes to the required lengths, following the dimensions of your chosen design.
Next, start constructing the basic structure by gluing the vertical posts together. Mark the framework with "front" and "back" indications, which will help you determine the placement of the sprayer nozzles and blower tube. You will need to insert tee-fittings into the vertical posts to connect the different sections of the framework. Cut the vertical pipes to accommodate the length of the tee-fittings, ensuring the total length remains as specified in your design.
After the basic structure is in place, add the cross members by gluing them to the tee-fittings. This will provide stability and ensure the framework is securely connected. Now, you can move on to building the blower tube, which will be made from an ABS tube with air holes. The blower tube should be placed at the top of the framework, with the air holes facing downwards.
Finally, assemble the platform for the leaf blower. This platform should sit alongside the sprayer tank, with its height matching the side of the wagon bed. The width of the platform should allow the sprayer tank and the PVC pipe to fit snugly, and its length should accommodate the battery placement. Secure the platform in place, ensuring it is sturdy and does not obstruct the connection between the blower tube and the leaf blower.
With the framework assembled, you can now move on to installing the sprayer tank, connecting the hoses and electrical components, and placing the leaf blower onto the platform.
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Frequently asked questions
The basic components of a portable electrical sprayer include a tank, a pump, a hose, a wand or boom with nozzles, a power source such as a battery, and control components.
Most turf or spot sprayers use a 12-volt electric diaphragm pump. There are two main types of 12-volt diaphragm pumps: demand and bypass. A demand pump operates within a preset PSI range and shuts off when the maximum set pressure is reached, allowing for intermittent use with a trigger gun or wand.
The spray boom can be assembled in various ways, and there are many options for nozzle and boom components. A simple spray boom with 2-3 nozzles can cover a width of 8-10 feet. Nozzle bodies connect the nozzle to the boom and typically have a hose barb or shank for attaching the supply hose.
It's important to consider the size and dimensions of the tank and any wagon or vehicle it will be mounted on. The tank should fit with enough space for other components, and its height should not interfere with connections. It's also crucial to ensure the leaf blower is not placed in the wagon bed, as its exhaust can damage surrounding components.
The calibration course should be the equivalent of 1,000 square feet, with the length depending on the width of your spray boom. Use a speedometer or metronome to maintain a consistent walking speed during calibration. Measure the output from all nozzles in ounces or milliliters for the time it takes to walk the calibration course, and convert this to gallons.
