Otis Singleton
Converting a tricycle to electric is a feasible task with the help of conversion kits. These kits are designed to provide all the necessary parts and equipment for the conversion process, including motors, batteries, controllers, and more. The market offers a range of options, from pre-wired kits to customizable solutions, allowing individuals to choose the right speed, power, and performance for their needs. With the right tools and guidance, anyone can transform their traditional tricycle into an electric-powered vehicle, enjoying improved mobility and performance with the twist of a throttle.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Tricycle Conversion Kit | E-TrikeKit, Sun Traditional Conversion Kit, Brushless Motor Kit |
| Motor | 450 Watt, 600 Watt, 500w/750w |
| Motor Type | Electric gear motor, Gear Motor |
| Battery | 48V 10AH Ebike Battery, 36V 600 Watt, 9ah Li-Ion, 20ah Li-Ion, 10ah Li-Ion |
| Battery Range | 15-30 Miles, 20-44 Miles |
| Battery Cost | $159.99 |
| Speed | 14-20 mph |
| Speed Controller | 30A |
| Throttle | Twist throttle, Throttle-on-Demand |
| Display | LCD Dashboard |
| Price | $688, $1,362 |
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What You'll Learn
Choosing an electric tricycle conversion kit
There are several factors to consider when choosing an electric tricycle conversion kit. Firstly, it is important to familiarise yourself with the laws regarding e-bikes in your region, as power output, throttle assist and maximum speed may be regulated by law. For example, in Europe, electric tricycle conversion kits are limited to a maximum speed of 25 km/h to comply with regulations.
After researching the legal requirements, consider your range and journey needs. If you live in a hilly area, for instance, you may require a conversion kit with more top-end power. Additionally, it is recommended to choose a conversion kit that is compatible with disc brakes, as the extra weight and potential increased speed of an electric tricycle will put more stress on the brakes.
When selecting a kit, it is important to ensure that it is compatible with your tricycle. The Tongsheng TSDZ2 is a popular option for mid-drive conversions, and companies such as Eco Cycles and Ebikebc offer trike conversion kits. You can also choose between a bottle, grill, or triangle battery type to better adapt to different frame types.
Finally, consider the cost of the conversion kit. Electric tricycle conversion kits can vary in price, with some basic kits available for a few hundred dollars, while more advanced kits can cost over a thousand dollars.
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Installing a battery
The first step in installing a battery for your electric tricycle is to choose the right type and size of battery. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are a popular choice due to their high power-to-weight ratio, long lifespan, and ability to be left partially charged. They also have a lower "cost-per-cycle" in the long run, despite their higher initial cost compared to lead-acid batteries.
When choosing the size of the battery, consider the trade-off between speed and ride time. Larger batteries will provide more ride time, while faster speeds will deplete the battery quicker. For example, three 15 Ah batteries will provide around 10 miles of ride time on flat ground without pedalling, whereas three 35 Ah batteries will provide around 20 miles.
The next step is to acquire the battery. You can purchase batteries from various online retailers, such as eBay, Walmart, and specialty stores like Electric Bike Technologies. When ordering online, keep in mind that Li-ion batteries are often shipped separately from electric bike kits and may arrive on a different day. They also require a signature for delivery.
Now, it's time to install the battery. The exact process may vary depending on the make and model of your tricycle and battery. However, here are some general guidelines:
- Refer to the instruction manual provided with your battery and conversion kit for specific installation steps.
- Ensure that the battery is securely mounted on the tricycle, usually near the motor. Some batteries may require additional mounting hardware, such as a battery bag.
- Connect the battery to the motor and other electrical components, following the provided wiring diagram. Ensure all connections are secure and insulated.
- Test the battery to ensure it is functioning correctly. Charge the battery as per the manufacturer's instructions and then take your electric tricycle for a test ride.
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Attaching the motor
When attaching the motor to your tricycle, there are a few key considerations to keep in mind. Firstly, it is important to choose the right type of motor for your needs. The power of the motor will depend on your desired speed and the weight of your tricycle, including any additional weight you plan to carry. For example, a 24 Volt 450 Watt motor is suitable for a load of 250 to 300 pounds at a speed of 10-15 mph, while a more powerful 36 Volt 650 Watt motor can provide a higher top speed of around 14 mph. If you're looking for a more powerful option, the VoilaMart 24" Electric Bicycle Motor Conversion Kit offers a 48V1000W motor, although this may be more power than you need unless you're dealing with steep hills or require high speeds.
Once you've selected the appropriate motor, the next step is to attach it to your tricycle's frame. This process can vary depending on the specific motor kit you've chosen, but the basic principle involves securing the motor to the frame using the provided hardware. Ensure that the motor is mounted securely and doesn't obstruct the movement of the wheels or pedals.
In addition to attaching the motor itself, you'll also need to consider the placement of the battery. The battery is a crucial component for both durability and safety. While some opt for a six-pound battery held by two bottle screws, this may not be secure enough and could fall off during rides. A more secure option is to use a downtube pack with at least three or four fasteners to ensure the battery doesn't detach. If your tricycle has a curved tube, you can mount the battery cradle on a steel bar and attach it securely to the tube, although drilling into alloy frames should be avoided.
Another important consideration when attaching the motor is the gear ratio between the motor sprocket and the drive wheel sprocket. This ratio will determine the speed and torque of your tricycle. For example, a smaller motor and battery pack will result in slower speeds, while a larger battery pack can provide longer ride times. You can adjust the gear ratio by changing the size of the sprockets, allowing you to find the optimal balance between speed and range.
Finally, don't forget to consider the addition of safety features such as torque arms, especially if you're using a powerful motor. The brake switch connector on the controller is another optional safety feature worth considering. It can be wired to a brake switch, turning off the motor when the brake is applied and turning it back on when the brake is released.
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Wiring the throttle
Understanding the Throttle Options:
There are typically two types of throttles available for electric tricycles: twist throttles and thumb throttles. Twist throttles are commonly used in electric bicycle conversions and are integrated into the handlebar grip. Thumb throttles, on the other hand, are usually mounted near the grip and allow you to control the speed with your thumb. Choose the type of throttle that suits your preference and the design of your tricycle.
Selecting the Throttle Components:
When selecting the throttle, you can opt for a basic model or choose one with additional features. As mentioned earlier, some throttles come with a built-in battery meter and key switch. The battery meter allows you to monitor the battery level, while the key switch enables you to turn the electric power on and off. Consider your preferences and the level of convenience you desire.
The throttle needs to be connected to the controller, which regulates the power delivered to the motor. The controller is usually located near the battery. Consult the instructions provided with your conversion kit for specific wiring diagrams and guidelines. Ensure that you match the correct wires from the throttle to the corresponding wires on the controller.
Connecting the Throttle to the Power Source:
The throttle also needs to be wired to the power source, typically the battery. This connection allows the throttle to control the flow of electricity to the motor, thereby regulating the speed. Again, refer to the instructions and wiring diagrams provided with your conversion kit for precise wiring instructions.
Testing and Adjustments:
Once you've completed the wiring, it's crucial to test the throttle to ensure it's functioning correctly. Follow the testing procedures outlined in your conversion kit's instructions. Make any necessary adjustments to the wiring or settings to achieve the desired performance. Ensure that the throttle responds smoothly and accurately to your input.
Remember to follow safety precautions when working with electrical components. If you're unsure about any aspect of the wiring process, seek guidance from a professional or consult online forums dedicated to electric vehicle conversions.
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Adding an LCD dashboard
Battery Status:
The LCD display will show you the charging level of your battery, so you don't have to worry about running out of power during your ride. This feature is especially useful if you're using your tricycle for long-distance travel or fitness purposes. The battery capacity indicator will let you know how much charge remains, helping you estimate the distance you can cover and plan your trips accordingly.
Speed Monitoring:
The LCD display will also show your current speed, maximum speed, and average speed. This information is crucial for maintaining safe speeds, especially if you're riding in areas with specific speed guidelines or regulations. With this data, you can adjust your pedal assistance level to stay within the speed limits and ensure a smoother ride.
Odometer:
The LCD odometer will track the distance you've travelled, often displaying this information in miles or kilometres. Some odometers also record the amount of time spent riding, which can be useful for setting fitness goals and monitoring your progress over time.
Pedal Assist Settings:
The LCD display will indicate the level of pedal assistance being provided by the motor. You can adjust this setting to suit your preferences and the terrain you're riding on. This feature allows you to conserve battery power and manage your stamina effectively.
Motor Wattage:
By displaying the motor wattage, the LCD screen will help you understand how much power is being drawn from the battery. This information can guide your decisions about the level of pedal assistance needed and help you optimise your battery usage.
When installing an LCD dashboard, it's important to refer to the user manual for specific instructions and to familiarise yourself with the various display features. This knowledge will ensure you can take full advantage of the LCD dashboard's capabilities and enhance your overall riding experience.
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Frequently asked questions
Converting your tricycle to electric will allow you to start the bike without pedalling and have good acceleration without pedalling. It will also give you total control over top speeds and power output.
You should consider your target top speed, whether you want a battery meter and key switch, and how many minutes of ride time you want on flat ground. You should also consider the type of battery, with Li-ion batteries having a higher power-to-weight ratio and requiring less care than lead-acid batteries.
You should look for a kit that includes all the necessary parts, such as a motor, motor mount, switch, throttle, wheel component, and wiring. You may also want to look for a kit that includes a battery, or purchase one separately.
The installation process will vary depending on the kit you purchase. However, in general, it should be as easy as attaching the motor to the frame and sprocket to the axle and putting a chain between them. You can also refer to the installation videos provided by some manufacturers.
