Wiktor Wise
Electrical fires can be extremely dangerous and can result in severe injuries or even death. It is important to know how to respond to an electrical fire to prevent a small fire from becoming a devastating disaster. If you don't have a fire extinguisher, there are a few alternative methods you can use to extinguish an electrical fire.
How to extinguish an electrical fire without an extinguisher
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Cut off the electricity | If possible, shut off the electricity to the source of the fire. Unplug the appliance or turn off the circuit breaker or fuse box's main switch. |
| Use baking soda | Baking soda, or sodium bicarbonate, can be used to extinguish small electrical fires. Pour an entire container over the fire all at once to smother the flames. |
| Use a fire blanket | A fire blanket can be used to smother the fire by removing the oxygen source. Thick, heavy clothing or a heavy blanket can also work for small electrical fires. |
| Do not use water | Water is a natural conductor of electricity and should not be used to extinguish an electrical fire, especially while the power is still on. |
| Call emergency services | If you are unable to extinguish the fire, evacuate immediately and call your local emergency services. |
| Clean agent fire suppression system | In settings like server rooms or manufacturing facilities, a clean agent fire suppression system can be used to disrupt the "fire triangle" of oxygen, heat, and fuel. These systems are safe to use in occupied spaces and do not damage electronics. |
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What You'll Learn
Use a clean agent fire suppression system
Clean agent fire suppression systems are ideal for protecting areas with irreplaceable artifacts, computer labs, or electrical rooms. They are waterless systems that use inert gases or chemical agents to extinguish fires.
Clean agents are stored as a gas or liquid and are released as a gas when the system is activated. They work by removing or disrupting one of the three elements required to sustain a fire: heat, oxygen, or fuel. They are highly efficient, reaching extinguishing concentration levels in 10 seconds or less, and they require no clean-up as they evaporate quickly.
There are three main types of clean agent fire suppression systems:
- CO2 fire suppression systems: These systems release carbon dioxide gas, reducing oxygen levels and extinguishing the fire. Due to the health risks of carbon dioxide to humans, these systems are typically used in unoccupied spaces, such as electrical rooms, spray booths, and flammable liquid storage areas.
- FM-200™ (HFC-227ea) systems: This type of system uses a chemical agent stored as a liquified compressed gas in cylinders near the protected area. When activated, the agent flows through the system, converting into a gas that is expelled onto the fire, quickly absorbing heat.
- FK-5-1-12 systems: This chemical agent is similar to FM-200 but is more cost-effective as less agent is needed to suppress the fire.
Another system, the Novec 1230, is a safe agent for human-occupied areas and is used in data processing centres, race cars, and industrial facilities. It is stored as a liquid and converted into a gas when discharged.
Clean agent fire suppression systems are highly effective and can minimise damage by acting quickly to suppress fires before they grow. They are safe for occupied spaces and will not damage sensitive documents or equipment.
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Smother with baking soda
If you encounter an electrical fire, it is important to remain calm and act quickly. Firstly, cut off the electricity supply at the source if it is safe to do so. Locate the appliance or device that is causing the fire, and if you can reach it without putting yourself in harm's way, unplug it from the power outlet. If there is smoke, strange odours, or fire emanating from appliances, wires, or electric motors, turn off the circuit breaker or fuse box's main switch.
If the fire is small and manageable, you can use baking soda to extinguish it. Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is an effective fire reduction method and is a chemical also found in Class C fire extinguishers. It is important to note that baking soda should not be confused with baking powder or flour, as these are highly flammable and can cause explosive reactions or conduct electricity, worsening the situation.
To smother the fire with baking soda, grab a box of baking soda and throw a generous amount directly at the source of the fire. Aim for the base of the flames to cut off the oxygen supply and effectively smother the fire. Be cautious and avoid touching any appliances or objects in the immediate area, as they may still be conducting electricity.
While baking soda can be an effective solution for small electrical fires, it is always recommended to call emergency services for assistance, even if you successfully extinguish the fire. They can provide additional support and ensure that the fire is completely contained. Additionally, consider inspecting your home for any electrical hazards and ensure that your fire extinguishers are labelled as Class C or ABC, which are suitable for electrical fires.
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Cut off the electricity
If you discover an electrical fire, the first thing to do is to cut off the electricity. If you can safely reach the appliance causing the fire, unplug it from the power source. If the plug is out of reach, head to your fuse box or circuit breaker and turn off the main switch. This will disconnect the electricity in your home and reduce the risk of electrocution. It is important to act quickly, as electrical fires can spread rapidly.
If the appliance is plugged in, but you cannot reach the cord or outlet safely, do not attempt to unplug it. Your priority should be to evacuate the building and call the emergency services.
If you are unable to cut off the electricity, do not try to extinguish the fire with water. Water is a natural conductor of electricity and will put you at risk of electrocution. Water may also enable the fire to spread by conducting electricity to other parts of the room, potentially igniting flammable materials.
If you are able to cut off the electricity, you can then use water to extinguish the fire. However, this is not recommended unless you have first disconnected the power source.
In addition to cutting off the electricity, it is important to follow a pre-planned escape route and evacuate the building immediately. Get yourself and any other occupants to safety as soon as possible.
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Use a fire blanket
Electrical fires are extremely dangerous and can quickly become uncontrollable. They are caused by a variety of factors, including old, damaged, or improperly installed electrical wiring, overloaded outlets, and faulty appliances. When an electrical fire occurs, it is important to act quickly and safely to prevent it from escalating into a life-threatening emergency.
If you don't have a fire extinguisher, one way to extinguish an electrical fire is by using a fire blanket. Fire blankets are designed to smother the fire and cut off its oxygen supply, which is one of the three elements of the "fire triangle" (oxygen, heat, and fuel). Here are some detailed steps on how to effectively use a fire blanket to extinguish an electrical fire:
First, locate the fire blanket. Fire blankets are typically stored near the kitchen or any other areas with a high risk of fire. They are usually stored in a red or flame-coloured bag or box, making them easily identifiable. If you don't have a fire blanket readily available, consider investing in one, especially if you have a higher risk of electrical fires.
Second, ensure your safety. Before attempting to extinguish the fire, make sure you are not putting yourself in harm's way. If the fire is small and contained, you may be able to safely use the fire blanket. However, if the fire is spreading or you are unsure, it is best to evacuate the area, cut off the power source, and call emergency services. Remember, your safety is the top priority.
Third, remove any flammable objects from the vicinity of the fire. Electrical fires can spread quickly, so it is important to remove any flammable materials, such as curtains, blankets, paper, or other combustible items, that could fuel the fire. This will help contain the fire and prevent it from spreading further.
Fourth, carefully remove the fire blanket from its packaging. Most fire blankets are folded and stored in a quick-release container. Pull the blanket out slowly and ensure it is fully unfolded. Fire blankets are usually made of fire-resistant materials, such as fibreglass or Kevlar, and can withstand extremely high temperatures.
Finally, smother the fire with the blanket. Using both hands, grip two corners of the blanket and drape it over the fire, ensuring that the flames are completely covered. Hold the blanket down firmly to prevent the fire from getting oxygen, and back away slowly while keeping the blanket in place. If possible, turn off the power source or unplug the device to deprive the fire of its energy supply.
Remember, electrical fires can be extremely dangerous, and it is always best to evacuate and call for help if you feel unsafe or unsure about handling the fire yourself. Fire blankets are an effective tool for extinguishing small electrical fires, but for larger fires, it is crucial to seek professional assistance.
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Call emergency services
If you are facing an electrical fire, it is important to act quickly. Electrical fires can spread rapidly and cause significant damage. If you don't have a fire extinguisher, you can use baking soda to extinguish the flames. However, if there is smoke or fire coming from appliances, wires, or electric motors, your first priority should be to cut off the electricity. Turn off the appliances and the circuit breaker or fuse box's main switch.
Once the immediate danger is addressed, it is crucial to call emergency services. Electrical fires can be complex and dangerous, and it is always better to be safe than sorry. Dial 911 or your local emergency number and inform them of the situation. Provide as many details as possible about the fire, including its location, size, and any potential hazards nearby.
If there is a risk of fire, smoke, or severe electrical hazards, evacuate the premises immediately. Do not attempt to fight the fire or fix any electrical issues yourself. Move to a safe location, and ensure that everyone in the vicinity does the same. Keep a safe distance from the affected area and do not re-enter the premises until emergency services arrive and deem it safe.
In some cases, you may notice warning signs of an electrical issue before a fire breaks out. These signs can include flickering lights, a burning smell, prolonged sparking, or exposed wires. If you observe any of these indicators, don't hesitate to call for assistance. Contact a licensed electrician or your local fire department for guidance. They can provide professional advice and, if necessary, dispatch emergency services to your location.
Remember, electrical emergencies can be unpredictable and hazardous. Always prioritize your safety and that of those around you. When in doubt, err on the side of caution and call emergency services. They are equipped to handle these situations and will be able to provide the necessary assistance to mitigate the risks and ensure your well-being.
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Frequently asked questions
If the fire is small, you can smother it with baking soda (also known as sodium bicarbonate). You can also use a fire blanket, a thick blanket, or heavy clothing to smother the fire by removing its oxygen supply. If the fire is large, do not try to fight it yourself. Evacuate immediately, shut off the power if possible, and call emergency services.
Water is a natural conductor of electricity, so throwing water on an electrical fire can cause electric shocks and electrocution. Water may also cause the fire to spread by conducting electricity throughout the room and potentially igniting flammable materials.
A clean agent fire suppression system is a system that uses an electrically non-conducting, volatile, or gaseous fire extinguishant that does not leave a residue upon evaporation. These systems are designed to minimize damage by acting quickly to suppress the fire at its inception stage. They are safe to use in occupied spaces and do not require cleanup afterward.
Here are some ways to prevent electrical fires:
- Invite an electrician to inspect your home to ensure it meets safety provisions and identify if your home would benefit from AFCI protection.
- Always use light bulbs that match the recommended wattage for the fixture or lamp.
- Install child precautions to prevent accidental electrocution.
- Never use extension cords with heating units or air conditioning, and only use them temporarily with other appliances.
- Do not overload outlets, and consult an electrician if you need additional circuits.
