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Underwriters Laboratories (UL) is a globally recognised safety science company that develops and tests safety standards for electrical devices and components. UL standards are used to certify the safety and reliability of electrical equipment, ensuring that they meet industry practices and technological advancements. The UL Listed Mark is given to products that have passed all the safety and performance tests that comply with UL standards. UL standards cover a wide range of electrical equipment, including flexible metal conduits, electrical switchgear, and control panels. For example, UL 758 certification establishes the specifications for single and multi-pole insulated conductors used in manufacturing and production equipment, while UL 508A is a standard for industrial control panels. UL standards are essential for ensuring safety and preventing accidents, such as fires, in various industries.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| UL Standards | UL 1, UL 6, UL 360, UL 651, UL 758, UL 797, UL 1558, UL 891, UL 845, UL 1008, UL 6200, UL 508A, UL 746C, UL 746E, UL 746F, UL 365, UL 464, UL 497, UL 497A, UL 497B, UL 603, UL 60335-1, UL 60335-2-24, UL 60335-2-3, UL 110, UL 2267, UL 6500, UL 60065 |
| UL Standards for | UL 1 is for flexible metal conduits; UL 6 is for electrical rigid metal conduits; UL 360 is for liquid-tight flexible metal conduits; UL 651 is for PVC electrical conduits; UL 758 is for single and multi-pole insulated conductors; UL 797 is for electrical metallic tubing; UL 1558 is for metal-enclosed circuit-breaker switchgear assemblies; UL 891 is for switchgear; UL 845 is for motor control centres; UL 1008 is for transfer switches; UL 6200 is for power production controls; UL 508A is for industrial control panels; UL 746C is for polymeric materials in electrical equipment evaluations; UL 746E is for industrial laminates, filament wound tubing, etc.; UL 746F is for flexible dielectric film materials for use in printed-wiring boards; UL 365 is for police station-connected burglar alarm units and systems; UL 464 is for audible signaling devices for fire alarm and signaling systems; UL 497 is for protectors for paired-conductor communications circuits; UL 497A is for secondary protectors for communications circuits; UL 497B is for protectors for data communications and fire-alarm circuits; UL 603 is for power supplies for use with burglar-alarm systems; UL 60335-1 is for general requirements for household and similar electrical appliances; UL 60335-2-24 is for particular requirements for motor compressors; UL 60335-2-3 is for particular requirements for electric irons; UL 110 is for sustainability for mobile phones; UL 2267 is for safety fuel cell power systems for installation in industrial electric trucks; UL 6500 is for audio/video and musical instrument apparatuses for household, commercial and similar general uses; UL 60065 is for audio, video and similar electronic apparatuses' safety requirements |
| Company | Underwriters Laboratories (UL), a globally recognised safety science company |
| UL Evaluation Process | Inspection of the production process, analysis of documentation and certifications, study of test methods, and inspection of the storage process of produced or imported material |
| UL Listed Mark | Products that have passed safety and performance tests that comply with UL standards. These are usually finished products ready for installation. |
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What You'll Learn
UL 508A: Industrial control panels
Underwriters Laboratories (UL) is a North American multinational organisation that focuses on safety and product certification. It has played a significant role in the adoption of electricity and the standardisation of safety rules for electrical devices and components. UL's evaluation process includes the inspection of the production process, analysis of documentation, study of test methods, and inspection of the storage process of materials.
One of the many UL standards is UL 508A, which is the standard for the construction of Industrial Control Panels (ICPs). ICPs are defined by the National Electrical Code (NEC) Section 409.2 as an assembly of two or more power circuit components, control circuit components, or a combination of both. These components include switches, terminal blocks, contactors, motor drives, transformers, and overcurrent protective devices. UL 508A provides guidelines to panel builders on various issues, including proper component selection, wiring methods, and calculation of short circuit current ratings (SCCR).
The marking requirements of UL Standard 508A for SCCR ratings came into effect in April 2006. If a customer follows the construction requirements and recommendations of UL 508A, they can apply to have their panel listed by UL. Upon successful inspection, the panel would bear the UL label, indicating that it has met nationally recognised safety standards.
To support manufacturers in meeting the requirements of UL 508A, UL offers the ICP Shop Program, which provides flexibility in applying UL Certification Marks to various industrial control panel designs. Manufacturers who custom-build or mass-produce ICPs can benefit from this program. Additionally, UL provides technical training and workshops focused on the needs of ICP builders, helping them to navigate market risk and complexity while ensuring safety and compliance.
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UL 758: Insulated conductors in manufacturing equipment
UL 758 certification establishes the specifications for single and multi-pole insulated conductors used in manufacturing and production equipment. The standard covers cables with copper and aluminium conductors, as well as alternative fillings like fibre and nickel. It also includes fibre optic cables, though their performance criteria are covered separately. The cables described in this standard must have a minimum normal operating temperature of 60°C, though some can survive in much hotter climates, and a minimum voltage rating of 30 V AC and from 3 kV DC.
The UL 758 cable standard is a technical document developed by UL (Underwriters Laboratories Inc.) to regulate the design, production, and testing of appliance wiring materials (AWM). This standard covers a variety of conductors and cables and is applicable to soft wire assemblies used in household appliances, commercial equipment, and lighting fixtures. The UL 758 cable standard applies to appliance wiring materials with a rated voltage not exceeding 600V. These materials are used to connect internal components of appliances or as connecting wires between appliances and power sources.
The AWM covered by UL 758 Standard are solely for use as factory-installed wiring either within the overall enclosure of appliances and other equipment (internal wiring) or as external interconnecting cable for appliances (external wiring). The wiring is usable internally, within the enclosure, and only requires insulation. Externally, interconnecting appliances are sheathed for UV, oil, and moisture resistance.
The UL 758 cable standard covers the requirements for Appliance Wiring Material (AWM) in the form of single insulated conductors, multi-conductor cables, optical fibres, individually insulated conductors, and fibre optic members for use as components in multi-conductor cables. The appliance wiring material covered by the requirements of this standard is for use in factory-installed wiring.
The UL 758 certification process includes initial evaluation, production supervision, and market supervision. During the initial evaluation, the product is submitted to UL for evaluation for the first time. UL will then conduct regular factory inspections to ensure production consistency and quality control. After the product is on the market, UL will randomly select samples for testing to ensure continued compliance with the UL 758 standard.
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UL 1: Flexible metal conduits
UL 1 is a safety standard for flexible metal conduits. These conduits are recognized for full trade size and are typically manufactured with hot-dip galvanized steel strips.
Flexible metal conduits are electrical conduits that can be bent easily and are used to protect and route electrical wiring in buildings. They are made of a metal core, often galvanized steel, which provides strength and protection to the enclosed wires, and a flexible outer covering, which is usually made of a plastic or rubber-like material.
These conduits are commonly used in applications where flexibility and movement are required, such as in vibration-prone equipment, moving machinery, or areas where wiring needs to be routed around obstacles. They are also useful in situations where wiring configurations may need to be changed or adjusted over time.
UL 1-listed flexible metal conduits are designed to meet specific safety standards. They are recognized for their ability to protect wires and cables from damage, provide a degree of liquid-tightness, and ensure that enclosed conductors are not subjected to excessive heat or moisture, thus reducing the risk of electrical hazards such as short circuits or insulation breakdown.
The UL 1 standard for flexible metal conduits includes various series, such as the PRWG, PRWA, XP3, and XPO series, each with slightly different characteristics and applications. These conduits are an essential component in electrical installations, providing both flexibility and safety for wiring systems.
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UL 6: Electrical rigid metal conduits
Underwriters Laboratories (UL) is a North American multinational organisation dedicated to safety and product certification. It has played a significant role in the adoption of electricity and the standardisation of safety rules for electrical devices and components. UL's evaluation process includes inspecting production processes, analysing documentation and certifications, studying test methods, and inspecting the storage process of materials.
One of the many UL standards is UL 6, which pertains to electrical rigid metal conduits made of steel (ERMC-S). These conduits are used as a metal raceway for the installation of wires and cables. The standard covers the conduits themselves, as well as elbows, couplings, and nipples. ERMC-S is typically coated with zinc or a zinc-based material on the exterior to resist corrosion, along with an organic or zinc interior coating.
The rigid metal conduits under UL 6 are manufactured with high-strength steel and produced through the electric resistance welding process. They are zinc-coated both inside and outside using a hot dip galvanizing process, providing metal-to-metal contact and galvanic protection against corrosion. The interior surface of the conduits is smooth and continuous, facilitating easy wire pulling and reducing friction between the wall and wire.
The UL 6 standard ensures consistent quality, with durable conduits that can withstand harsh environmental conditions. The steel is welded to meet and exceed quality standards. The conduits are also designed to be easily cut, formed, and joined. They exhibit excellent ductility, making them simple to bend, cut, and thread on-site.
The outside diameter of the conduits varies depending on their size, with specific tolerances outlined in the standard. UL 6 also specifies that the conduits are threaded on both ends, with a coupling on one end and a colour-coded thread protector on the other for quick identification of the conduit size.
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UL 891: Electrical system protection
UL, or Underwriters Laboratories, is a North American multinational organisation dedicated to safety and product certification. It was founded by Merrill in 1894, after he moved to Chicago to work for the Chicago Fire Underwriters' Association.
One of the safety standards established by UL is UL 891, which is a safety standard for dead-front switchboards rated at 1000 V or less. These switchboards are used in both commercial and light industrial applications, and operate at nominal AC voltages up to 600 V. This makes them suitable for most non-heavy-duty electrical systems.
UL 891 plays an important role in electrical distribution systems by allowing operators to control, protect, and isolate circuits and equipment. It does so by identifying electrical faults and isolating faulty circuits, thereby preventing human contact with electrified equipment or electrical arcing, which could lead to electrocution. UL 891 switchgear also limits short circuits and other hazards that can cause damage to motors and other equipment.
The standard ensures that switchboards provide adequate protection against electrical faults and offer safe, reliable operation for end-users. Switchboards under this standard typically consist of fixed components and are used to distribute power to various parts of a building or facility. These are common in environments where electrical demand is moderate and safety features are critical but not necessarily complex.
The UL 891 General Coverage Program helps manufacturers by reducing testing requirements and providing increased switchboard design flexibility. It also provides a broader range of overcurrent protection devices, the most compact equipment configurations, and potentially lower costs.
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Frequently asked questions
UL stands for Underwriters Laboratories, a North American multinational dedicated to safety and product certification.
UL 1 is a standard for flexible metal conduits, while UL 6 is for electrical rigid metal conduits. UL 508A is a standard for industrial control panels, and UL 758 establishes specifications for single and multi-pole insulated conductors used in manufacturing and production equipment. UL 1558 is a safety standard for metal-enclosed circuit-breaker switchgear assemblies with a maximum voltage of 600V AC.
UL standards are created to ensure safety and standardisation of electrical devices and components. They provide guidelines to manufacturers and users, and help to protect people and equipment from harm.
UL's evaluation process includes inspecting the production process, analysing documentation and certifications, studying test methods, and inspecting the storage process of the produced or imported material. Products that pass these tests and inspections receive a UL Mark.
