Molly Ayala
Electric vehicles (EVs) are growing in popularity in the United States, with a range of models available, from compact cars to SUVs and pickup trucks. There are several types of EVs, including battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). BEVs, also known as all-electric vehicles, run solely on electricity and are recharged from an external power source. PHEVs, on the other hand, have both an electric motor and an internal combustion engine, allowing them to switch between electric and gasoline power. HEVs, while also a combination of electric and gasoline power, cannot be recharged from an external source. The EV market in the US is evolving rapidly, with new models being released each year and an increasing number of Americans adopting electric vehicles.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Vehicle Types | Light-duty automobiles, medium- and heavy-duty electric vehicles, electric micromobility devices, and transit vehicles |
| EV Types | BEVs, PHEVs, HEVs, FCEVs |
| BEV Characteristics | Rechargeable batteries, no gasoline engine, zero emissions |
| PHEV Characteristics | Engine, electric motor, battery, gasoline tank, internal combustion engine, can refuel with gasoline or diesel |
| HEV Characteristics | Gas-powered engine, electric motor, cannot be recharged from an external source |
| FCEV Characteristics | Uses electrochemical process to convert hydrogen into electricity |
| EV Charging Station | EV charging station or electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) |
| Number of Publicly Accessible Charging Stations in the US | More than 60,000 in 2024 |
| Number of Electric Vehicles Sold in 2021 | 1.4 million |
| Number of Electric Vehicles Sold in 2020 | 0.74 million |
| Top State for Electric Vehicle Registrations in 2023 | California (3,026 per 100,000 residents) |
| Bottom State for Electric Vehicle Registrations in 2023 | Mississippi (110 per 100,000 residents) |
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What You'll Learn
Battery electric vehicles (BEVs)
BEVs include a wide range of vehicles, from cars, buses, trucks, and forklifts to motorcycles, scooters, bicycles, and even skateboards. In common usage, the term BEV usually refers specifically to passenger cars. The Tesla Model Y is the world's top-selling all-electric car, with an estimated 3.4 million sales as of September 2024. Other popular BEV models include the Tesla Model 3 and the Wuling Hongguang Mini EV.
The appeal of BEVs is growing due to rising oil prices and advancements in battery technology, such as lithium-ion batteries, which offer greater power and energy density. BEVs have a longer range and better acceleration compared to older battery types. For example, the F-150 Lightning, Ford's electric-only pickup truck option, offers a driving range of up to 240-320 miles, depending on the model.
BEVs are also known as EVs, and they are one of the three types of electric vehicles available on the market, along with PHEVs (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) and HEVs (hybrid electric vehicles). While PHEVs and HEVs can also reduce emissions, BEVs are unique in their ability to operate with zero tailpipe emissions and be powered solely by electricity.
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Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)
PHEVs have the ability to drive in pure electric mode for a range of roughly 20 to 50 miles, producing zero tailpipe emissions. This allows for short journeys to be completed in all-electric mode, reducing fuel consumption and offering a more affordable and environmentally friendly option for drivers. Once the battery is depleted, the ICE kicks in, allowing the vehicle to extend its range.
PHEVs can be charged at home by plugging into a standard electrical outlet or a dedicated charging station. They can also be charged using commercial EV charging stations at shopping centres, gas stations, or parking lots. The flexibility of being able to refuel with gasoline or diesel when necessary is another advantage of PHEVs.
Some popular PHEV models include the Peugeot 208, Kia Sportage, Renault Captur, and Citroën C5 Aircross. PHEVs offer a popular alternative for drivers who may be concerned about the range limitations of fully electric vehicles and the insufficient EV charging infrastructure. By 2030, it is projected that there will be more than 26 million electric vehicles in the US, and PHEVs are expected to play a significant role in this transition to clean transportation.
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Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)
HEVs produce significant emissions benefits over conventional vehicles, although the exact emissions benefits vary by vehicle model and type of hybrid power system. The life cycle emissions of an HEV depend on the source of the electricity used to charge it, which varies by region. In geographic areas that use relatively low-polluting energy sources for electricity production, HEVs typically have a life cycle emissions advantage over similar conventional vehicles running on gasoline or diesel.
In the United States, the HEV market is the second largest in the world, after Japan, with cumulative sales of 5.4 million units through December 2019. Sales of HEVs in the US began to decline following the financial crisis of 2007-2008 and again in 2014 due to low gasoline prices and increased sales of plug-in electric cars. However, the market share slightly recovered in 2019 to 2.3% and 3.2% in 2020. Since their inception in 1999, a total of 5,803,917 HEV automobiles and sport utility vehicles (SUVs) have been sold in the country through 2020. Between April and June 2022, around 245,200 HEVs and plug-in HEVs were sold to customers in the US, a year-over-year decrease of 10.2%.
The top-selling HEV in the US is the Toyota Prius, with 1,643,000 units sold since 2000 through April 2016, representing a 40.8% market share of all hybrids sold in the US since their inception. The Prius family is the market leader with 1,932,805 units sold through April 2016, representing a 48.0% market share of total hybrid sales in the US. California has been the state leading hybrid sales in the US, followed by New York and Florida. In 2009, the top 5 US metropolitan area markets for sales of HEVs were Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C.
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Electric micromobility devices
The popularity of electric micromobility devices is on the rise due to their environmental benefits. Electric and hybrid vehicles, including micromobility options, have significantly lower emissions than conventional vehicles. All-electric vehicles produce zero tailpipe emissions, making them an attractive choice for those seeking zero-emissions transportation. This is especially important in the transportation sector, which is the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States.
The market for electric micromobility devices is evolving, with new options becoming available. This includes shared ride systems, such as bikeshare programs, which offer convenient and cost-effective transportation solutions for users. Electric micromobility devices provide a range of benefits, including reduced fuel consumption, improved efficiency, and a more sustainable transportation option for short-distance travel.
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Electric sports cars
One notable example is the Rimac Nevera, a hypercar produced by Croatian entrepreneur Mate Rimac's company, Rimac Automobili. The Nevera boasts a 120kWh battery, four electric motors, 1,914bhp, and 1,740lb ft of torque, enabling it to go from 0-60mph in 1.85 seconds and reach a top speed of 258mph. With a name that translates to "electrically charged storm" in Croatian, the Nevera embodies the excitement and power of electric sports cars.
Another notable electric sports car is the Maserati Gran Turismo Folgore, the Italian company's first pure EV. The Folgore offers a 0-62mph time of 2.7 seconds, 750bhp from its tri-motor setup, and a range of up to 280 miles. With its impressive performance and engineering, the Folgore represents a significant step forward for Maserati.
The Porsche Taycan is also worth mentioning, as it combines the performance and handling of a sports car with the efficiency of an electric vehicle. The Taycan has fine body control, superbly calibrated operating controls, and offers a range of up to 285 miles. Porsche has successfully entered the EV market with a vehicle that delivers on both style and substance.
In addition to these, there are several other electric sports cars available or soon-to-be-released in the United States, such as the Lotus Emija, Tesla Roadster, Hyundai Ioniq 5 N, and the Audi e-tron GT. These vehicles offer a range of performance, luxury, and style options for consumers interested in electric sports cars.
The electric sports car market in the United States is rapidly evolving, with new models and advancements being introduced regularly, providing consumers with an ever-growing range of choices that combine high performance with zero-emissions driving.
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Frequently asked questions
There are three main types of electric vehicles (EVs) available in the United States: battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). BEVs, or "all-electric vehicles", run solely on electricity and are recharged from an external power source. PHEVs have both an engine and an electric motor, and can be recharged from an external power source, but also incorporate a smaller internal combustion engine that can recharge the battery or directly power the wheels. HEVs have both a gas-powered engine and an electric motor, but their batteries cannot be recharged from an external source.
Some BEVs include the Audi e-tron, Audi Q4 e-tron, Audi Q6 e-tron, Audi Q8 e-tron, and the Fiat 500e.
Some PHEVs include the Audi A3 E-Tron, Audi Q5 TFSIe, BMW 330e, Fiat 500e, Ford C-Max Energi, and the Toyota Prius.
An example of an HEV is the Toyota RAV4 hybrid model.
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