Beatrice Lang
Electric vehicles are becoming increasingly popular in the United States, with over 2 million electric cars currently in operation. While California leads the way in EV adoption, with around 35% of the nation's electric vehicles, other states are also seeing significant numbers of electric vehicle registrations, such as Florida and Texas. With a growing range of options, from compact SUVs to sports sedans, and an increasing number of automakers entering the EV market, consumers now have a wide variety of electric vehicles to choose from. In this article, we will explore which electric vehicles are available in different states and discuss the trends and incentives driving the adoption of electric vehicles across the country.
| Characteristics | Values | |
|---|---|---|
| Number of electric vehicles available in the US | As of March 3, 2023 | All-electric and plug-in hybrid models |
| States with the highest number of electric vehicle registrations | As of December 31, 2023 | California (35% of vehicles nationwide), Florida, and Texas |
| States with the highest electric vehicle sales shares in 2023 | 15 out of 20 were ZEV states (Zero-Emission Vehicle) | |
| Cheapest electric car in 2025 | Nissan Leaf (MSRP of $28,140) | |
| Cheapest electric SUV in 2025 | Hyundai Kona Electric (MSRP of $32,875) | |
| Cheapest electric pickup truck in 2025 | Ford F-150 Lightning (MSRP of $47,780) | |
| Automaker that has done the most for EV advancement | Tesla (with its Supercharger network and Model Y, one of the best-selling cars in the US) | |
| Other notable electric vehicles | Mercedes-Benz EQS SUV, Genesis Electrified GV70, Volkswagen ID.4 |
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What You'll Learn
Electric vehicles in California
California is leading the way in the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in the United States. As of 31 December 2023, California had the highest number of light-duty electric vehicle registrations in the country, with approximately 1,256,646 vehicles, accounting for around 35% of nationwide electric vehicles.
The state has been pushing to electrify its cars, with sales of zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) increasing year on year. In 2023, Californians purchased almost 450,000 new ZEVs, a 30% increase from 2022, and ZEVs made up 25% of new vehicle sales, up from 20% the previous year. This growth has slowed, however, and sales have stabilised, raising concerns about meeting the state's mandate banning sales of gas-powered vehicles. Under this mandate, approved in 2022, 35% of new car models sold by automakers in 2026 must be zero-emissions.
The California Energy Commission (CEC) is working with the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) to track the sales and population of light-duty ZEVs. ZEVs include battery-electric, plug-in hybrid electric, and fuel cell electric vehicles. The CEC also monitors the number of electric vehicle chargers and hydrogen refuelling stations in the state. California offers various incentives to promote the adoption of ZEVs, including increased incentive amounts for new and used ZEV purchases, and support for sustainable community-based transportation equity projects in low-income communities.
Several automakers are contributing to the growing EV market in California. Tesla, for example, had a 56% share of EV sales in the first nine months of 2023. Ford is also a significant player, with the Mustang Mach-E being a popular choice, and other models such as the F-150 Lightning and the E-Transit. Hyundai entered the US EV market in 2019 with the Kona Electric and has since expanded its electric Ioniq line of vehicles. Mercedes-Benz offers its EQ line of electric vehicles, with the EQ B, EQ E, and EQ S models available to US consumers.
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Electric vehicles in Florida
Electric vehicles are becoming increasingly popular in the United States, with over 2 million electric cars currently in operation. California has the highest number of electric vehicles, with Florida coming in second. As of 2023, there were approximately 254,878 light-duty electric vehicle registrations in Florida, and nearly 168,000 registered electric vehicles as of 2024.
The Electrification Coalition is working to advance the deployment and adoption of electric vehicles in Florida, as well as the development of charging infrastructure. The National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) Formula Program will provide the Florida Department of Transportation with an estimated $198 million over five years to address EV charging needs for passenger vehicles and light-duty trucks. This funding can be used for purchasing and installing EV charging infrastructure, operating expenses, traffic control devices, and mapping and analysis activities.
In addition to the Electrification Coalition, there are several other organizations and policies in Florida that support the adoption of electric vehicles. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is offering $500 million in rebates through the Volkswagen Mitigation Trust Fund, and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection has awarded $57 million to Florida school districts for electric school buses. The state government also provides special HOV access for electric vehicles, allowing them to use HOV and Express Lanes for free, regardless of the number of passengers.
Utilities in Florida are also playing a role in promoting electric vehicles. Duke Energy is helping to expand charging infrastructure, and Orlando Utilities Commission (OUC) is offering a direct rebate for electric vehicles. Florida Power and Light (FPL) is one of several utilities offering special rates for EV charging.
While the overall EV adoption rate in the United States is fairly low, with only 0.86% of registered vehicles being electric, Florida is a leader in EV adoption and continues to make strides toward an electrified transportation future.
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$36.19
Electric vehicles in Texas
Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming an increasingly common sight on US roads. As of 2023, there are over 2 million electric cars in operation across the country, and this number is projected to grow. Texas is one of the leading states in terms of EV adoption, with the third-highest number of light-duty electric vehicle registrations in the nation as of December 2023.
The Texas Department of Motor Vehicles has reported a steady increase in the number of EVs in the state, with 8,397 registered in 2016, and estimates suggest this number could grow to nearly 100,000 by 2023. This rapid growth in EV sales is expected to coincide with a significant increase in charging infrastructure, helping to alleviate the so-called "range anxiety" experienced by some drivers. Texas has already seen the establishment of over 21,000 public charging stations, and the addition of wind energy to the state's power grid further contributes to a more sustainable system.
The state also offers various incentives to promote the adoption of electric vehicles. Texans can take advantage of plans such as the Reliant Electric Vehicle plan or the Reliant Truly Free Nights plan, which offer cost savings for charging during off-peak hours. The Texas Emissions Reduction Plan, administered by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, also provides grant programs aimed at reducing harmful mobile source air emissions.
In terms of vehicle options, Texans have a range of choices when it comes to electric cars. The most popular electric and plug-in cars are typically priced between $26,000 and $32,000 before a $7,500 federal tax credit. Lease options are also available, with monthly payments as low as $170. Automakers such as Ford, Hyundai, and Mercedes-Benz offer electric vehicles in the Texas market, with models like the Ford Mustang Mach-E, Hyundai Ioniq line, and Mercedes-Benz EQ series available to consumers.
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Federal tax credits for electric vehicles
Electric vehicles (EVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are eligible for federal tax credits. The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 amended the Qualified Plug-in Electric Drive Motor Vehicle Credit, now known as the Clean Vehicle Credit. The new law added a requirement for final assembly in North America, which took effect on August 17, 2022. The amount of the credit depends on whether the vehicle meets certain critical minerals and battery component requirements. The minimum credit amount is $2,500, and the maximum credit is $7,500 based on each vehicle's traction battery capacity. The credit will begin to be phased out for each manufacturer in the second quarter following the calendar quarter in which a minimum of 200,000 qualified PEVs have been sold by that manufacturer for use in the United States.
For vehicles placed in service on or after January 1, 2024, the dealer must be registered with IRS Energy Credits Online, and the vehicle must be approved through Energy Credits Online at the time of sale. The vehicle must undergo final assembly in North America. The seller must report the required information to the buyer at the time of sale and to the IRS. Sellers are required to report the buyer's name and taxpayer identification number to the IRS for the buyer to be eligible to claim the credit. Buyers are advised to obtain a copy of the IRS's confirmation that a "time-of-sale" report was submitted successfully by the dealer.
Starting January 1, 2024, buyers can reduce the clean vehicle's upfront purchase price by the amount of their Clean Vehicle Credit by choosing to transfer their credit to the dealer. Before 2024, eligible clean vehicle buyers could only receive the amount of their credit after filing their tax return. Dealers must submit information to the IRS through IRS Energy Credits Online to determine vehicle eligibility and the amount of a Clean Vehicle Credit at the point of sale. Without this submission, buyers cannot claim a tax credit on their return, nor can they transfer it to a dealer. A dealer must provide the buyer with a copy of the IRS's approval of the dealer's submission.
In addition to the Clean Vehicle Credit, there are other federal tax credits available related to electric vehicles. For example, installing an electric vehicle charger in your home may make you eligible for the Alternative Fuel Vehicle Refueling Property Tax Credit. The federal credit is generally 30% of the charger's cost or $1,000, whichever is smaller. For those wanting to install an EV charger at a business or investment property, the credit is generally 30% of the charger's cost or $30,000, whichever is smaller.
Furthermore, tax-exempt entities can qualify to receive a payment for a federal clean vehicle tax credit. Direct pay allows tax-exempt entities to receive their tax credit payment directly from the IRS if they meet the requirements for direct pay and the underlying tax credit. Commercial fleets and tax-exempt organizations that buy a qualified commercial clean vehicle may qualify for a clean vehicle tax credit per vehicle. The maximum credit is $7,500 for qualified commercial clean vehicles with gross vehicle weight ratings of under 14,000 pounds and $40,000 for all other vehicles.
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Electric vehicles in metropolitan areas
Electric vehicles are becoming an increasingly common sight on roads across the United States, with over 2 million electric cars currently in operation. California has the highest number of electric vehicles, with approximately 35% of the nationwide total. This is followed by Florida and Texas. California was also the first state to reach mass adoption, hitting 16.2% in 2023.
However, overall EV adoption rates in the US remain fairly low, with only 0.86% of registered vehicles being electric. This is due, in part, to the lack of infrastructure in certain areas. The demand for electric vehicles is increasing, and with it, the need for supporting infrastructure, such as charging stations.
Some metropolitan areas are better prepared for the transition to electric vehicles than others. The Pacific division, for example, which includes the San Francisco Bay Area, has been ranked highly for its preparedness. The Bay Area, including San Francisco, Oakland, and San Jose, has the highest number of public charging stations per capita (2.4 per 1,000 residents). It also has the third-highest number of electric vehicles on the road, with Los Angeles and San Francisco taking the top two spots.
Other cities that have been ranked highly for their preparedness and infrastructure include Seattle, San Diego, Austin, and Honolulu. Austin Energy, for example, has been working to implement the Texas River Cities Plug-in Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Plan, which includes the expansion of the Plug-In EVerywhere public charging network to nearly 1,000 ports. Cities in the New England division have also been noted for their high per capita charger counts and the availability of chargers at day-trip destinations.
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Frequently asked questions
As of 2023, California had the most electric vehicle registrations by a wide margin (between 1,178,948 and 1,256,646), followed by Florida (231,518 to 254,878), Texas (210,433), Washington (141,055) and New Jersey (125,317).
California's zero-emission (ZEV) regulations are anticipated to result in 1.5 million electric vehicles on the road by 2025. This means that most, if not all, electric vehicles are available in California.
While California has the most electric vehicles, other states are also adopting electric vehicles. As of 2025, some of the electric vehicles available in the US include the Chevrolet Equinox EV, Blazer EV, Silverado EV, Dodge Charger Daytona, Fiat 500, and Ford F-150 Lightning.
Yes, the US federal government supports the adoption of plug-in electric vehicles. People who purchase all-electric or plug-in electric vehicles may qualify for a federal tax credit of up to $7,500, depending on the vehicle make and model, as well as their income.
