Trystan Casey
Electric toothbrushes are more effective than manual toothbrushes at removing plaque, a major cause of cavities and gum disease. Dentists generally recommend electric toothbrushes over manual ones. However, some people find electric toothbrushes ticklish, and for a few, this may be intolerable. Electric toothbrushes can also be more expensive than manual toothbrushes.
There are two main types of electric toothbrushes: oscillating-rotary and sonic. Oscillating toothbrushes are the most popular type and they oscillate back and forth to help remove plaque, while rotary toothbrushes rotate in a circular motion. Sonic toothbrushes create high-frequency waves that help to loosen plaque from teeth. They deliver up to and beyond 30,000 brush strokes per minute, compared to 2,500-7,000 brush strokes per minute for a regular electric toothbrush.
Some electric toothbrushes have additional features such as timers, quadrant timers, pressure sensors, and multiple cleaning modes. These features can help you brush for the recommended two minutes, ensure you brush all areas of your mouth, and prevent you from brushing too hard and damaging your gums.
The best electric toothbrush for you will depend on your personal requirements and preferences.
Characteristics of Electric Toothbrushes
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Effectiveness | Electric toothbrushes are more effective than manual toothbrushes at removing plaque, one of the main causes of cavities and gum disease. |
| Types | There are two main types of electric toothbrushes: oscillating-rotary and sonic. |
| Oscillating-rotary toothbrushes | These toothbrushes oscillate back and forth to help remove plaque. |
| Sonic toothbrushes | Sonic toothbrushes create high-frequency waves that help to loosen plaque from teeth. They can operate at frequencies of up to 20,000 Hz, delivering up to and beyond 30,000 brush strokes per minute. |
| Features | Some electric toothbrushes have features such as built-in timers, quadrant timers, multiple cleaning modes, pressure sensors, and Bluetooth connectivity. |
| Cost | Electric toothbrushes can range in price from a few dollars to several hundred dollars, depending on the brand and features. |
| Maintenance | Electric toothbrushes require regular maintenance, such as replacing the brush head every few months and cleaning the handle and charger to prevent bacteria build-up. |
| Personal preference | The type of electric toothbrush and its features depend on personal preferences and requirements. |
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What You'll Learn
Electric toothbrushes are more effective
Electric toothbrushes are clinically proven to be more effective than manual toothbrushes. They can produce thousands of strokes per minute, which helps to remove plaque from your teeth, preventing cavities and gum disease. According to a 2014 review, users of electric toothbrushes experienced a 6% reduction in gingivitis (gum disease) within one to three months and an 11% reduction after three months or longer.
The American Dental Association (ADA) states that both electric and manual toothbrushes are effective at removing oral plaque that causes decay and disease. However, electric toothbrushes are more effective at reducing plaque and gingivitis than manual toothbrushes. After three months of use, plaque was reduced by 21%, and gingivitis by 11%.
The dynamic fluid action of electric toothbrushes helps to erase plaque and bacteria in hard-to-reach spots, especially along the gum line. They also have built-in features like timers and pressure sensors to help you brush properly and for the recommended amount of time. Some even have multiple cleaning modes, which can be helpful for people with sensitive teeth or gums.
Electric toothbrushes are also beneficial for those with limited dexterity or hand mobility, as they do most of the work for you. They can be easier to use and more comfortable than manual toothbrushes, which require more physical effort to manoeuvre.
While electric toothbrushes are more expensive, ranging from $15 to $250, they can last for years if properly maintained. The cost of ownership is also increased by the need for new brush heads every three months or so. However, electric toothbrushes may be worth the investment for those seeking to optimise their oral hygiene and reduce gum disease.
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Sonic vs. oscillating-rotary toothbrushes
Electric toothbrushes are generally considered to be more effective than manual toothbrushes, but it is not clear whether there is a difference in results between different types of electric toothbrushes. However, there are some differences between sonic toothbrushes and oscillating-rotary toothbrushes.
Sonic toothbrushes vibrate at a high frequency of up to 20,000 Hz, delivering 30,000 brush strokes per minute. These high-frequency vibrations create turbulence that dislodges plaque and debris in hard-to-reach areas. The brush head moves side-to-side or up-and-down, and the dynamic fluid action helps to remove plaque and bacteria beyond the bristle's physical reach. Sonic toothbrushes are also better at reducing gum inflammation and preventing periodontal disease. They are generally rectangular in shape and may be easier for those transitioning from a manual toothbrush.
Oscillating-rotary toothbrushes, on the other hand, have a round head that rotates back and forth in a circular motion. They can also vibrate, depending on the model. These toothbrushes pulsate to break up plaque and then oscillate and rotate to sweep it away. They are considered to be better at cleaning plaque in between teeth and are also more expensive than sonic toothbrushes due to their complicated motion requiring different motors.
Some people prefer oscillating toothbrushes as they adapt better around the crowns of teeth, while others prefer sonic toothbrushes, especially those with gum problems, as the high frequency of the brush's vibrations can get into nooks and crannies that other brushes cannot.
Ultimately, the choice between a sonic and an oscillating-rotary toothbrush may come down to personal preference, and it is recommended to try both to see which one suits your needs better.
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Electric toothbrush features
Electric toothbrushes offer a wide range of features, with some models being more basic and others boasting several advanced functionalities. Here are some of the key features to consider when choosing an electric toothbrush:
Brushing Action
Electric toothbrushes can have different brushing actions, including oscillating, rotating, and pulsating movements. Some toothbrushes, like the Oral-B models, combine these actions to provide a comprehensive cleaning experience. Oscillating toothbrushes move back and forth to help remove plaque, while rotary toothbrushes rotate in a circular motion.
Brushing Speed and Frequency
The speed and frequency of the toothbrush refer to the number of brush strokes or vibrations produced per minute. Basic electric toothbrushes typically average between 2,500 and 7,000 brush strokes per minute. In contrast, sonic toothbrushes, like the Silk'n SonicYou and Spotlight Sonic, operate at a much higher frequency, delivering up to and beyond 30,000 brush strokes per minute. The FOREO electric toothbrush, for example, offers 11,000 pulsations per minute.
Timer and Quadrant Indicator
Many electric toothbrushes are equipped with a timer that alerts you when you have brushed for the recommended duration of two minutes. Some brushes, like the Oral-B models, may also have a quadrant timer, dividing your brushing session into four equal parts to ensure you brush all areas of your mouth effectively.
Pressure Sensor
Pressure sensors are an important feature as they help prevent you from brushing too hard and damaging your gums. The Oral-B Pro 2000 and higher models have a light that shines red when you are pressing too hard. Other models, like the Oral-B 1000, will stop the pulsations if you apply too much pressure.
Cleaning Modes
Some electric toothbrushes offer multiple cleaning modes, such as high speed, sensitivity, or gum care. These modes allow you to customise your brushing experience based on your oral care needs. For example, the Silk'n SonicYou electric toothbrush offers three cleaning modes: sensitive, clean, and white.
Battery Life and Charging
The battery life of electric toothbrushes can vary significantly. Some models, like the FOREO toothbrush, offer an incredibly long battery life of up to 365 days per charge. Others may have shorter battery lives but still provide reliable performance, such as the Oral-B models. It's important to consider your usage habits and how often you are willing to recharge your toothbrush.
Brush Head Options
Different electric toothbrushes offer a variety of brush head options. For example, Oral-B provides brush heads like CrossAction, Precision Clean, and Pro Gum Care (Sensitive brush head). Each brush head is designed for specific needs, such as advanced cleaning technology, inter-dental cleaning, or gentle care for sensitive gums.
Waterproof Design
If you prefer to brush your teeth in the shower, it is essential to choose a waterproof electric toothbrush.
Bluetooth Connectivity and Smart Features
Some electric toothbrushes have entered the realm of smart devices with Bluetooth connectivity. These "smart" toothbrushes can record and track your brushing habits, and some even provide coaching or encouragement through dedicated apps.
Travel Case
If you travel frequently, consider an electric toothbrush that comes with a travel case, like the Spotlight electric toothbrush, which offers a premium-looking travel case.
Personalisation
A unique feature offered by some brands, like Spotlight, is the option to personalise your toothbrush with your name.
When choosing an electric toothbrush, it's important to weigh your oral care needs and preferences to determine which features are most important to you.
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Electric toothbrush maintenance
Cleaning and Sanitizing
Rinse your toothbrush head with tap water before and after each use to remove toothpaste residue, debris, and bacteria. Soaking your toothbrush in antibacterial mouthwash once a week can give it a deeper clean. First, rinse off any toothpaste, then soak it in mouthwash for about 2 minutes before rinsing it again. You can also use a soft cloth with mild detergent to clean the base of your toothbrush and remove any visible dirt. For hard-to-reach areas, a cotton bud can be useful. Additionally, consider using a denture cleaner, as it is antimicrobial and antibiotic, providing an effective way to disinfect your toothbrush.
Drying and Storing
Ensure your electric toothbrush is completely dry before storing it. Storing a wet toothbrush in a closed container can promote bacteria growth. Store your toothbrush in an upright position to allow it to air dry. When travelling, use a travel toothbrush holder to keep it covered and protected from dust, dirt, and bacteria. At home, avoid storing your toothbrush in a covered holder, as the moist environment can encourage bacteria growth. If you must use a covered holder, choose one with small holes to allow for air circulation. Keep your toothbrush as far away from the toilet as possible to prevent contamination from "toilet plume" when flushing.
Replacing Brush Heads
It is recommended to replace your electric toothbrush head every three months or when the bristles start to fray or wear out. Worn bristles are less effective at keeping your teeth clean and can lead to over-brushing, causing damage to your gums. Additionally, some toothbrushes have indicator bristles that fade over time, reminding you to replace the head.
Charging
To maintain the performance and longevity of your electric toothbrush battery, it is recommended to use it until the charge is completely depleted before recharging it fully. Avoid charging your toothbrush between each use. If your toothbrush has a SmartGuide™ display, remember that it may require separate batteries, such as AA batteries.
Brushing Technique
Using the correct brushing technique is crucial. Avoid applying too much pressure when brushing, as it can damage your gums and wear down the bristles prematurely. Some electric toothbrushes have built-in pressure sensors that alert you when you're brushing too hard. Additionally, follow the recommended brushing duration and frequency, typically 2 minutes, twice a day.
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Electric toothbrushes for children
Electric toothbrushes are generally considered more effective than manual toothbrushes, with sonic toothbrushes being the most effective of all. Electric toothbrushes for children are available and can be beneficial in ensuring that children's milk teeth are well-cleaned and looked after. These toothbrushes have soft bristles that are gentle on children's gums and can also remove any bacteria or food residue in the mouth.
It is important to note that the effectiveness of an electric toothbrush also depends on the user's brushing technique. Electric toothbrushes can be more effective at removing plaque and reaching areas that a manual toothbrush may not be able to access. However, they may not be necessary for everyone, especially if one practices good brushing habits with a manual toothbrush.
When choosing an electric toothbrush for a child, consider features such as soft bristles, a timer, and a design that is comfortable and easy for the child to use. Some electric toothbrushes for children include the KidzSonics and WildOnes kids electric toothbrushes, which have DeepClean tapered bristles to reach between teeth. The BabySonic electric toothbrush is another option designed for newborns to toddlers and older children. It has super-soft bristles to gently clean milk teeth without damaging the gums or tooth surface.
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Frequently asked questions
Electric toothbrushes are more effective than manual toothbrushes at removing plaque, a major cause of cavities and gum disease. Dentists generally recommend electric toothbrushes over manual ones.
Electric toothbrush models vary in terms of features and price. Basic electric toothbrushes are better than manual toothbrushes, but if you want to optimise your oral hygiene, a sonic toothbrush is the best option.
Sonic toothbrushes have enhanced brushing power and are better at removing plaque and reducing gum inflammation. They also have advanced features like built-in timers and multiple cleaning modes.
There are two main types of electric toothbrushes: oscillating-rotary and sonic. Oscillating toothbrushes are the most popular type and they oscillate back and forth to help remove plaque. Rotary toothbrushes rotate in a circular motion.
