Wiktor Wise
Electric bikes are becoming increasingly popular in the UK, with sales expected to grow to £44 million by 2027. With so many types of e-bikes on the market, it can be challenging to choose the right one for your needs, built and budget. When selecting an electric bike, it is essential to consider the style of bike you are looking for, such as a step-through bike, a crossbar version, a mountain bike, or a folding bike. The size of the bike and the wheel size are also crucial factors, as they impact comfort and riding experience. In addition, the battery type and wattage are important considerations, as they determine the range and assistance provided by the electric motor. It is also worth noting that in the UK, electric bikes with a wattage above 250W are subject to stricter laws and require a moped driving licence. When purchasing an electric bike, it is advisable to consider the availability of spare parts and repair services and choose a reputable seller.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Motor | Electric bikes have motors ranging from 250W to 2000W. Motors above 250W have stricter laws in the UK. |
| Speed | The maximum speed for an electric bike in the UK is 15.5 mph (25 km/h). |
| Power | The power of the motor must not exceed 250W in the UK. |
| Battery | The battery is a critical component, with higher wattages providing more power and range. Batteries range from 200W to 550W. |
| Types | Electric bikes come in various types, including hybrid, mountain, road, cargo, and folding bikes. |
| Features | Features to consider include wheel size, frame size, and comfort. |
| Test Ride | It is recommended to test-ride different models to assess comfort and suitability. |
| Parts and Repair | Ensure that spare parts are readily available and that repair services are accessible. |
| Price | Consider your budget and the potential hidden costs, such as battery replacement. |
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What You'll Learn
Motor and battery wattage
The battery is a crucial component of an electric bike, and its wattage determines the power delivered to the motor and the amount of assistance provided. Batteries with a lower wattage will provide less power, while those with a higher wattage will offer more torque and range. Batteries for electric bikes typically range from 200W to 550W. The ampere rating (Ah) or watt-hour rating (Wh) of the battery will influence how far the bike can travel on a single charge, depending on factors such as terrain, rider weight, and weather conditions. For example, a 10Ah or 375Wh battery will provide an approximate range of 27-35 miles, while a 16Ah battery will offer around 60-70 miles.
It is important to consider the cost of replacing the battery and ensure that it comes with a warranty. Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used in electric bikes and typically last for about three years before performance starts to deteriorate. New batteries can be expensive, often costing around £300 or more. Therefore, it is advisable to factor in the cost of replacement when purchasing an electric bike.
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Bike type and use
When choosing an electric bike, it is important to consider your needs and the type of riding you plan to do. Electric bikes come in a variety of designs, from commuter-friendly hybrids to folding models, e-mountain bikes, and even cargo bikes.
If you're looking for a versatile option that can handle both city riding and off-road trails, an electric mountain bike (e-MTB) could be a good choice. These bikes are designed with a comfortable upright riding position and fast-rolling wheels, making them ideal for commuting and tackling country lanes, canal towpaths, and trails. They also often come with a rear rack and mudguard mounts, adding to their practicality for daily use.
On the other hand, if you're looking for a more compact and portable option, a folding electric bike might be a better fit. These bikes are easy to store and transport, making them convenient for commuters or those with limited space. Folding bikes typically have smaller wheels, which can make for a bumpier ride, but they are highly manoeuvrable and can be easily stowed away when not in use.
Another option to consider is the hybrid electric bike, which combines the features of road and mountain e-bikes. Hybrid e-bikes typically have mid-width but large rugged tyres, a lightweight frame, and comfortable riding geometry. They are a good choice if you want a versatile bike that can handle both road and light off-road riding without sacrificing comfort.
For those who need to transport cargo, an e-cargo bike might be ideal. These bikes have larger frames with dedicated storage areas, making them perfect for running errands, carrying groceries, or even taking your children to school. They are a great car alternative for those looking to reduce their carbon footprint without sacrificing functionality.
When choosing an electric bike, it's also important to consider factors such as battery wattage, motor placement, and control systems. The battery wattage will determine the range and power of your electric bike, with higher wattage batteries providing more torque and range. The motor can be placed near the pedals, in the front wheel hub, or in the rear wheel hub, each offering different advantages in terms of power transfer and handling. Control systems can vary as well, from handlebar-mounted computers to smartphone apps, allowing you to customise your assistance level and riding experience.
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Size and comfort
When choosing an electric bike, size and comfort are key factors to consider. The size of the bike will depend on your height and inside leg measurement. A comfortable bike will allow you to ride for longer and get more enjoyment out of your purchase.
A good way to test the comfort of an electric bike is to test ride it. Some retailers will allow you to test ride various models in-store, which can be invaluable for assessing the bike's comfort and suitability for you.
The size of the bike's wheels will also impact the comfort of your ride. Generally, larger wheels will provide a smoother ride, with 26" or 24" wheels being better for trails, and 700c or 28" wheels better for road use. However, the width and tread of the tyre will also impact the smoothness of your ride.
The type of motor and drive system can also impact the comfort of your ride. Crank-driven motors are located in the middle of the bike frame and are activated by the rider pedalling, which can provide a more intuitive riding experience. Hub-driven motors are located inside the front or rear wheel hub and provide power on demand, which can be useful for getting away from traffic lights or cycling up hills.
The battery is another important consideration when choosing an electric bike. Batteries come in a variety of wattages, which will impact the range and assistance provided by the motor. A higher wattage battery will give you more torque and range, but may also add to the weight of the bike, impacting the comfort of your ride. It's also important to consider the cost and lifespan of the battery, as well as the ease of replacement.
Finally, the style of the bike can also impact the comfort of your ride. For example, step-through bikes are easier to mount, while mountain bikes are great for off-road use, and folding bikes are portable and space-saving. Electric bikes also come in hybrid models, which combine the features of road and mountain bikes, offering comfortable riding with a lightweight frame and large rugged tyres.
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Price and quality
The price of an electric bike can vary depending on its style and features. For example, electric mountain bikes (e-MTBs) tend to be more expensive than other types of electric bikes due to their specialised design and features. On the other hand, hybrid electric bikes, which combine the features of road and mountain bikes, can be a more affordable option as they are suitable for both trail and road use.
When considering quality, it is worth looking for a purpose-built bike with great support and dealer networks. A good indicator of a quality electric bike is how well it rides without power. Additionally, the battery is a crucial component of an electric bike, and it is worth investing in a reliable one. Lithium-ion batteries from reputable manufacturers like Samsung, LG, and Panasonic are recommended. These batteries can last up to three years, and replacements typically cost around £300. To avoid unexpected costs, it is essential to consider the warranty period for the battery.
Before purchasing an electric bike, it is advisable to test-ride various models to assess their comfort and suitability. It is also important to consider the availability of spare parts and repair services. By doing some preliminary research, assessing your needs, and understanding the financial implications, you can make an informed decision when choosing an electric bike that fits your budget and requirements.
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Rules and regulations
Electric bikes (e-bikes) are a fun, sustainable and efficient way to travel. However, as their popularity grows, so does the complexity of the rules surrounding their use. Here is a detailed guide to the rules and regulations of e-bikes in the UK.
- Age restrictions — You must be aged 14 or above to ride an electric bike in the UK. This rule applies to England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Children under the age of 14 can ride e-bikes manufactured specifically for children, but only on private land with the landowner's permission.
- EAPC regulations — Most e-bikes in the UK fall within the 'electrically assisted pedal cycle' (EAPC) classification. E-bikes that meet EAPC regulations are considered bicycles and are governed by the same rules and regulations as traditional bicycles. They do not need to be registered, taxed or insured. You also do not need a licence to ride an EAPC e-bike.
- Speed and power restrictions — E-bikes that comply with EAPC regulations must have a maximum power output of 250 watts and a maximum speed of 15.5 mph (25 km/h). The electric assistance must cut off when the bike reaches this speed, but you can pedal faster than 15.5 mph. E-bikes that exceed these limits are classed as mopeds or motorcycles and must be registered, taxed and insured. You must also wear a crash helmet and have a driving licence to ride them.
- Twist and go throttles — E-bikes with a 'twist and go' throttle that can be propelled without pedalling do not comply with EAPC rules and are considered motor vehicles. They are subject to the same rules as mopeds and must be taxed and insured. You must also have a driving licence and wear a helmet to ride them.
- Lights and reflectors — E-bikes must have a white light on the front, a red light on the rear and amber pedal reflectors, just like traditional bicycles.
- Modification and imported parts — It is illegal to modify e-bikes or use imported parts that do not comply with UK regulations. This can pose significant safety risks, especially when charging batteries.
- Transporting e-bikes — You can transport e-bikes on trains, provided they are similar in size to traditional bicycles. However, you may need to reserve a spot in advance. Foldable e-bikes can be taken on buses, following the same rules as traditional foldable bicycles. E-bikes are not allowed on the London Underground or any TfL transport or stations.
- Cycle lanes and pavements — E-bikes that meet EAPC regulations can be ridden on cycle lanes and anywhere else traditional bicycles are allowed. They are not permitted on pavements unless they are designated for mixed cycle and pedestrian use.
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Frequently asked questions
There are several types of electric bikes available, including:
- Hybrid electric bikes, which combine the features of road e-bikes and electric mountain bikes.
- Fat-tyre electric bikes, which have enhanced shock absorption, grip, traction, and power.
- E-cargo bikes, which are built with larger frames and cargo storage areas, making them ideal for running errands or transporting children.
- Electric mountain bikes (e-MTBs), which are designed for off-road use and can make climbing easier.
- Folding bikes, which are portable and space-saving.
- Electric road bikes, which are less common but are becoming more popular.
Some key factors to consider when choosing an electric bike include:
- The size of the bike and the frame size to ensure comfort and the best riding experience.
- The type of drive system, such as crank-driven or hub-driven.
- The battery type and wattage, which will impact the range and assistance provided by the electric bike.
- The availability of spare parts and repair services.
- Your budget and the financial implications of owning an electric bike, including the cost of replacing batteries.
In the UK, electric bikes with a motor power of up to 250 watts and a maximum speed of 15.5 mph are classified as pedelecs or pedal-assisted electric bikes. These bikes can be ridden by anyone over the age of 14 without a license, tax, or insurance. However, it is recommended to follow the Highway Code and have insurance in case of accidents. Electric bikes with a wattage above 250 watts may require a moped driving license and additional registration, taxes, and insurance.
