Trystan Casey
Electric fences are a safe and cost-effective way to keep animals contained within a temporary perimeter. Electric fence controllers, also known as chargers or energizers, are easy to install and do not require professional help. This guide will walk you through the basics of installing an electric fence controller, including choosing the right type of controller, preparing the necessary tools and materials, and following the correct installation procedures to ensure a safe and effective electric fence.
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What You'll Learn
Choosing a location for the controller
When choosing a location for your electric fence controller, there are several factors to consider. Firstly, if you're using an AC charger, it should be positioned as close to the power source and the electric fence as possible. This could mean installing it near a corner post closest to the power outlet or choosing a location where access to the power outlet is easiest. This is also a good option if you want easy access to the controller for maintenance or adjustments.
Another important consideration is protection from the elements. The controller should be installed in a clean, sheltered location away from direct moisture and sunlight, unless it is a solar-powered charger. In that case, it should be placed where it can receive adequate sunlight to function effectively. If you opt for a solar-powered controller, be aware that it may not be as reliable during extended periods of cloudy or winter weather, when the days are shorter.
Lightning protection is also a critical factor when choosing a location for your electric fence controller. Electric fencing can be particularly vulnerable to lightning strikes, so it's essential to take precautions. Consider placing the controller away from the barn or main building, using an extension cord to connect it to the power source. This will help reduce the risk of lightning striking the controller and potentially causing damage or creating a fire hazard.
Additionally, ensure that the controller is accessible to a ground rod system that is separate from the grounding of the main building or other structures. This is an important safety measure to consider when selecting the installation location.
When deciding on a location, it's also worth noting that some people prefer to have the controller in a barn or near the main electrical box, as these are convenient places to access the controller for adjustments or troubleshooting. However, the priority should be given to the above-mentioned safety considerations and accessibility to power sources.
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Connecting the controller to the fence
The controller should be installed in a clean, sheltered location that is not exposed to direct moisture or sunlight. It should be easily accessible and positioned as close to the power source and the electric fence as possible. If you are using an AC charger, mount the controller on a post or wall using a screw or nail through the hanger hole in the charger case.
Next, cut at least two feet of wire to connect the controller to the fence. Connect one end of the wire to the output screw on the controller, and wrap the other end around the electric fence wire several times to ensure contact. If you are using a battery-powered charger, connect the charger to the battery by hooking the black clamp to the negative post and the red clamp to the positive post. For an AC plug-in unit, simply plug the charger into the power outlet.
Finally, check that the controller is properly installed by turning it on. If it is working correctly, it should not produce any grounds.
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Powering the controller
When powering the controller for your electric fence, there are a few options to consider. Firstly, determine the type of power source you will be using: AC power, battery, or solar. Each option has its own set of requirements and considerations.
If you choose to power your controller with AC power, it is recommended to position the controller close to the power source and the electric fence. This will minimise the length of wiring needed and reduce potential energy loss. Install the controller on a post or wall using screws or nails through the hanger hole in the charger case. Ensure that the controller is installed in a clean, sheltered location away from direct moisture and sunlight.
For battery-powered controllers, you will need to connect the charger to a 12V battery. Connect the black clamp of the charger to the negative post of the battery and the red clamp to the positive post. This setup allows the battery to power the controller effectively.
Solar-powered controllers offer an environmentally friendly alternative. Place the solar panel in a location where it can receive direct sunlight. Allow the charger to be exposed to the sun for at least one day before use to build up sufficient charge. While solar power is a sustainable option, it may take longer to build up the required electrical power compared to other sources.
Regardless of the power source you choose, it is crucial to ensure that your controller has enough power to support the size of the animals being controlled and the length of the fence. Additionally, always follow safety protocols, such as installing a grounding rod system to ensure the electric fence is safe for both animals and humans.
By selecting the appropriate power source and following the necessary installation steps, you can effectively power the controller for your electric fence, ensuring its optimal performance and maintaining the safety of your surroundings.
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Grounding the controller
Firstly, it is important to understand the function of the grounding system. The earth itself serves as half of the electric fence circuit. When an animal comes into contact with the fence, the electric current passes through its body and into the grounding system buried in the earth, delivering a safe amount of electric shock.
Now, for the installation process:
- Install a grounding rod system: Place grounding rods that are at least six feet long within 20 feet of your fence controller. This placement ensures optimal safety.
- Connect the ground rod wire: Attach a ground rod clamp to the grounding rod and then connect it to the ground rod wire. This wire should be made of non-corrosive, metal electrical wiring, preferably steel or aluminum with an appropriate gauge.
- Link the ground wire to the controller: Cut a two-foot piece of wire and wrap one foot of it around the grounding rod. Attach the other end of this wire to the ground screw on your electric fence controller.
- Verify proper installation: Check that your electric fence controller is properly grounded by turning it on. If it is working correctly, it should not produce any grounds.
By following these steps, you will have successfully grounded your electric fence controller, ensuring the safety of your animals and the effectiveness of your fence.
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Protecting the controller from the elements
It is important to protect your electric fence controller from the elements, particularly moisture, to ensure it functions properly. Here are some ways to do this:
Firstly, choose an appropriate location to install your controller. It should be in a clean, sheltered spot, away from direct moisture and sunlight. Installing the controller under a roof or awning can provide protection from the elements. If you are using an AC charger, it is best positioned close to the power source and the electric fence. You can mount the controller on a post or wall using screws or nails through the hanger hole in the charger case. This will keep it off the ground and reduce the risk of moisture damage.
Secondly, consider using a protective cover for your controller. This can provide extra protection from moisture and dust. Some options include using an upturned bucket or dustbin, placing the controller inside a plastic food storage box or crate, or investing in a weatherproof security box made of galvanised metal. These boxes can be purchased from hardware stores and can provide a secure and dry environment for your controller. Ensure you make provisions for the cables to exit the box, such as drilling holes for the wires.
Additionally, you can take some extra measures to protect your controller from the elements. For example, if your controller is mounted on a post, you can place a beer crate on the ground and hammer a stake through one of the bottle spaces to secure it. Then, you can place a plastic storage box on top of the crate to create a waterproof barrier. Also, if you live in an area with frequent lightning storms, consider installing lightning and surge protection for your controller to safeguard it from potential damage.
By following these steps and choosing a suitable protection method, you can effectively safeguard your electric fence controller from the elements and ensure its longevity and optimal performance.
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Frequently asked questions
The controller should be installed in a clean, sheltered location away from direct moisture and sunlight. It should be easily accessible and close to a power outlet.
You will need gloves for protection, a grounding rod system, non-corrosive metal electrical wiring made from steel or aluminium wire, a volt meter, and a bucket or wooden enclosure to protect the controller from the elements.
First, cut two feet of wire to connect the controller to the electric fence wire. Connect one end of the wire to the output screw on the controller and wrap the other end around the electric fence wire several times. If you are using a battery power charger, connect the black clamp to the battery's negative post and the red clamp to the positive post. For an AC plug-in unit, simply plug it into a power outlet.
