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When towing a trailer, you need to connect your vehicle's light, taillight, and turn-signal functions to the trailer. This is done through an electrical connection, such as a trailer wiring harness. There are various types of connectors and sockets, and it's important to review local towing regulations and your vehicle's towing limits before attempting to tow anything. You can then choose a connector with the required number of pins for the functions required for your trailer. This could be a custom wiring harness or 'T-connector', which is a vehicle-specific harness that plugs in without any splicing required. Alternatively, you can use a taillight converter or original equipment wiring harness, which plugs into the USCAR socket. If you're adding a connector, you may need to route a power wire from the harness to the vehicle battery, and use a mounting bracket to attach the connector to the vehicle.
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What You'll Learn
Understanding trailer light wiring
Trailer light wiring can vary, with the most common types being four-way, five-way, six-way, and seven-way connectors. Each type of connector allows for different functions to be controlled by the vehicle. Basic trailer wiring, such as a four-way connector, supports running lights, brake lights, and turn signals. More advanced plugs, like the six-way and seven-way connectors, allow for additional functions such as electric trailer brakes, backup lights, and a 12-volt power supply.
When wiring trailer lights, it is important to follow the correct colour-coded wiring diagram for your specific plug type. Each light will typically have three wires: one connected to the running light wire (usually brown), one connected to the turn/brake light wire (often yellow or green), and a ground wire (usually white) that should be secured to the trailer frame. It is recommended to use a crimper to strip back the insulation on the wires and then connect them with a butt connector and heat gun.
In some cases, a vehicle may require a power wire to be routed from the harness to the battery due to the electrical system's limitations. Additionally, using a mounting bracket to secure the connector can prevent damage if it is located under the vehicle. It is also important to note that wire colours can vary, so using a circuit tester is recommended to match pins by function and ensure proper wiring.
Custom wiring or T-connectors are often the ideal solution for installing trailer light wiring. These connectors plug into the vehicle's existing wiring without the need for splicing or soldering, providing a standard connector output. However, it is essential to consult the vehicle's owner manual and local regulations before towing to ensure compliance and safety.
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Choosing the right connector
The most basic trailer wiring setup includes a 4-wire connector, which supports running lights, brake lights, and turn signals. This type of connector usually consists of a green wire for right turns/brakes, a yellow wire for left turns/brakes, a brown wire for taillights, and a white wire for the ground connection. If your trailer has reverse lights, you may need a 5-wire connector, which adds a blue wire for the reverse lights.
For larger trailers with electric brakes, a 6-wire or 7-wire connector may be necessary. The 6-wire configuration introduces two new functions: a wire for trailer brake control and a wire for +12-volt auxiliary power. The 7-wire connector is commonly used for heavy-duty applications and provides basic lighting functions, auxiliary pins, and electric brake control. It is important to note that there are two main standards for 7-way connectors: SAE J2863 and SAE J560, which have different pin assignments for auxiliary functions.
When choosing the right connector, it is crucial to consider the compatibility between your vehicle and the trailer. Adapters are available to facilitate connections between different types of connectors. For example, if your vehicle has a 4-way connector and your trailer has a 7-way connector, you can use an adapter to convert between the two. However, keep in mind that some connectors, like the 6-pin rectangular connector, may have limited adapter options. Therefore, it is important to carefully review your vehicle and trailer specifications before making a decision.
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Preparing wires and tools
To prepare the wires and tools for installing a trailer light connector, you'll need to gather the necessary materials and understand the wiring configuration. Here's a step-by-step guide:
- Understanding Trailer Wiring Basics: Trailer wiring involves connecting the trailer's lights, brakes, and turn signals to the vehicle's electrical system. The most common wiring setups include 4-way, 5-way, 6-way, and 7-way connectors, each providing power for lighting and additional functions.
- Identifying Wire Colours and Functions: It's important to know that wire colours may vary, so relying solely on colour-coding can be unreliable. However, here are some general guidelines for wire colours and their functions:
- Brown Wire: Typically used for the running lights or taillights.
- Yellow or Green Wire: Usually connected to the turn/brake lights.
- White Wire: Serves as the ground wire and should be secured to the trailer frame.
Gathering Tools and Materials: You will need a range of tools and materials for the installation process. These may include:
- Wire strippers or a crimper to strip insulation from wires.
- Butt connectors and a heat gun for connecting wires.
- Electrical grease to prevent corrosion at electrical connections.
- Mounting brackets to secure the connector and prevent damage.
- A circuit tester to verify wire functions and ensure proper wiring.
- Soldering iron and solder for making secure connections.
- Weatherproof connectors or adhesive-filled shrink tubes for waterproofing.
- Electrical tape for insulation and protection.
- Vehicle-Specific Considerations: Before starting the installation, it's essential to consult your vehicle's owner manual. Some vehicles may have pre-wired connections, making the process simpler. Additionally, check if your vehicle has a special socket intended for installing wiring, as provided by the manufacturer.
- Wire Length and Management: When preparing the wires, ensure you have sufficient length to accommodate adjustments and modifications. Manage the wires neatly to avoid tangles and protect them from damage. This includes using wire casings, grommets, and taping techniques to secure and organise the wiring.
By following these steps, you'll be well-prepared with the necessary wires and tools for installing an electric trailer light connector. Remember to refer to specific guides and diagrams for your particular trailer and vehicle setup.
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Connecting the wires
Firstly, identify the wires. Each light will have three wires: one that connects to the main harness's brown running light wire, one that connects to the turn/brake light wire (yellow or green), and a white ground wire that should be secured to the trailer frame. It's important to note that wire colours can vary, so using a circuit tester is recommended to match wires by function.
Once you've identified the wires, use a crimper to strip back the insulation on the wires. Then, connect the wires using a butt connector and heat gun. Be sure to connect any additional ground wires from your lights. If your vehicle's electrical system cannot handle the amperage draw of the trailer lights, you may need to route a power wire from the harness to the vehicle battery.
If you're splicing wires, you'll need to snip the wire, strip both ends, and then twist them together with a corresponding wire on the unit. Slip a tight-fitting shrink tube onto both ends of the spliced wire to protect the connection.
Finally, use a small amount of grease on all electrical connections to prevent corrosion.
It's important to consult your vehicle's owner manual and local regulations to ensure your setup is safe and legal.
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Testing and troubleshooting
Testing trailer lights is a straightforward process that can be done in a few different ways. Here are some tips for testing and troubleshooting electric trailer light connectors:
Testing Trailer Lights
First, ensure the trailer is connected to the tow vehicle or truck. Check that the wire to the trailer is plugged into the connector at the back of the vehicle. Then, perform the following tests:
- Press the brake, hazard lights, and blinkers while someone observes the trailer lights. The lights on the trailer should correspond with the lights on the tow vehicle.
- If the tow vehicle has a brake controller, have an assistant slowly squeeze the hand-operated slide for the electric brake controller. The test light should brighten as outgoing power increases.
- If the trailer is equipped with electric brakes and a breakaway battery, touch the alligator clip to the "Right Turn/Stop" pin. The right turn signal/stop light should come on.
- For trailers with reverse lights, touch the "Accessory or Reverse Lights" pin. The backup lights should illuminate.
- Jack up each trailer wheel individually and have an assistant spin the wheel as if the trailer were moving forward.
Troubleshooting
If some lights aren't working, take note of which ones are malfunctioning. Check for issues such as a blown bulb, a bad trailer light ground wire, or a blown fuse. Here are some specific troubleshooting steps:
- Check for corrosion on the plugs and clean them with sandpaper if necessary.
- Inspect the connector for loose or damaged wires, loose or bent pins, and broken locking tabs.
- Ensure the harness wires are connected to your car and that the connectors are making a strong connection.
- Verify that the 12V power wire is connected to the car's positive battery terminal.
- Test for continuity using a multimeter by touching the wire contacts under the light.
- If a wire is broken, cut the wire at the break, solder a new connection, and repair the insulation.
- If the wiring system is badly corroded, consider replacing it with a new wire harness.
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Frequently asked questions
You can add an electric trailer light connector by purchasing a wiring harness with a standard connector output, such as a 4-way flat, or a 7-way RV blade. You can also use a taillight converter or electrical converter to splice into your vehicle's wiring and provide a standard trailer plug wiring connector.
Before installing an electric trailer light connector, check your vehicle owner's manual for local towing regulations, towing limits, and the weight of your loaded trailer. Use a mounting bracket to attach the connector to the vehicle if it is located underneath, and apply grease to all electrical connections to prevent corrosion.
There are various types of electric trailer light connectors, including 4-way, 5-way, 6-way, and 7-way connectors. The number of wires or pins in the connector corresponds to the number of functions it can control, such as running lights, brake lights, turn signals, electric trailer brakes, and backup lights.
You can use a circuit tester on the tow vehicle's wiring harness to verify that the correct wires have been located for the proper functions. Check your vehicle's owner's manual to confirm the function of each wire before connecting the trailer light connector.
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