Otis Singleton
Installing a dishwasher is a moderately challenging DIY project, requiring some plumbing and electrical skills. The electrical hookups and the plumbing connections are behind an access panel on the dishwasher's front bottom. You will need to identify the power cord connection fittings, the water inlet valve, and the drain fitting. At this point, you can determine whether the dishwasher will be hardwired to the power supply or plugged into an outlet. If you are not a qualified electrician, you should exercise extreme caution when performing electrical work.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Difficulty | Installing a dishwasher is a project that can be done by DIYers with basic plumbing and electrical skills. However, it is recommended to get a qualified electrician or plumber to perform any electrical or plumbing work. |
| Wiring | Dishwashers can be hardwired or cord/plug. Check the installation manual and local code requirements. |
| Switch | A switch is not necessary for a dishwasher. |
| GFCI | Dishwashers require GFCI protection. The GFCI needs to be accessible for reset. |
| Conduit | Metal-clad or flexible conduit is required to protect the wiring. |
| Circuit | The dishwasher should be on a dedicated circuit. |
| Water supply | The dishwasher requires a hot water connection. A special brass fitting, or dishwasher-90 (90-degree elbow), is needed to connect the water supply tube to the dishwasher. |
| Drain | The dishwasher drain hose can be looped up and secured to the underside of the countertop, then dropped back down to connect to the garbage disposal or sink drain tailpiece. |
| Electrical connections | Complete the electrical connections using wire nuts and following the installation guide. |
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What You'll Learn
Hardwiring vs plugging into an outlet
When it comes to hooking up a dishwasher electrically, you have two main options: hardwiring or plugging into an outlet. Both methods have their own advantages and considerations, which will be discussed in the following paragraphs.
Hardwiring a dishwasher involves making a permanent electrical connection by directly connecting the dishwasher to the circuit wires in the wall. This method is often preferred by professionals and has been the traditional way of installing dishwashers. One advantage of hardwiring is that it avoids the need for an extra outlet or receptacle under the sink, which may not be feasible due to space constraints. Additionally, local codes or regulations may require hardwiring for dishwashers. When hardwiring, it is important to ensure that the wiring is properly protected, as exposed wires can be damaged by nearby metal components.
On the other hand, plugging a dishwasher into an outlet offers the convenience of easy access and disconnect. If the dishwasher malfunctions, a simple plug connection allows for quick disconnection without having to locate the breaker box. This can be especially useful in preventing water leaks caused by a malfunctioning dishwasher. The outlet for the plug connection must be placed in an adjacent cabinet to maintain accessibility without moving the dishwasher.
When deciding between hardwiring and plugging into an outlet, it is essential to consider the specific requirements and constraints of your dishwasher installation. Local codes and regulations may dictate the preferred or required method. Additionally, space constraints under the sink or cabinet should be considered, as hardwiring eliminates the need for an extra outlet.
Safety is another critical aspect. When hardwiring, ensure that the wiring is adequately protected to prevent damage from nearby metal components. For plug connections, it is recommended to install a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) outlet for added safety. GFCI outlets provide protection against electrical faults and can be easily tested and reset.
Lastly, it is worth mentioning that dishwashers typically require a dedicated circuit. Whether hardwired or plugged into an outlet, the electrical connection should be separate from other appliances to ensure proper functionality and avoid overloading the circuit. Consulting with a qualified electrician can help ensure that the installation meets safety standards and complies with local regulations.
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GFCI protection
Dishwashers are typically connected to a dedicated electrical circuit that supplies power and water to the appliance. As water and electricity can be a dangerous combination, it is important to ensure that your dishwasher is installed with GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) protection.
GFCI outlets are safety devices that monitor the electrical current flowing through a circuit. They compare the amount of current in the “hot” and “neutral” wires and trip the circuit if they detect an imbalance. This quick response helps prevent electrical shock and potential fires caused by ground faults.
The National Electrical Code (NEC) requires GFCI protection for dishwashers in most cases. The 2020 version of the NEC includes specific language mandating GFCI protection for dishwashers and other appliances. While codes may vary by location, it is generally recommended to install a GFCI outlet for all dishwashers to ensure compliance with electrical safety regulations.
To ensure proper functionality, GFCI outlets should be tested monthly by pressing the “Test” button. Installing a GFCI outlet for your dishwasher enhances safety, provides peace of mind, and helps protect against electrical hazards.
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Using a metal-clad or flexible conduit
There are several types of flexible metal conduits: Greenfield, Liquidtite, BX, and MC (Metal Clad). Greenfield and Liquidtite do not contain any conductors and can serve as a ground if they are less than 6 ft in length. Liquidtite is also waterproof. BX contains conductors and a bonding strip, while MC contains conductors and a green equipment grounding conductor.
When installing a metal-clad cable, it is important to avoid sharp bends that could damage the cable sheath or the conductors. Single-hole straps provide sturdy supports, but avoid connecting them with nails to prevent smashing the cable. Install a strap within 12 inches of each box, and subsequent straps need to be within 6 feet of each other. Plastic or fiberglass electrical boxes should not be used with MC cable. Make sure to use a metal box with knockout holes.
To protect the wiring, you can install liquid-tight flexible conduit wherever the wiring will be subjected to wet conditions. This type of conduit is water-resistant and can be purchased without wires installed or in short lengths (whips) that come prewired.
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Dedicated circuits
When installing a dishwasher, it is recommended that it has its own dedicated circuit. The circuit should be a dedicated 120/125-volt, 15-amp circuit, fed with a 14/2 NM wire with a ground. A 20-amp circuit can also be used, with 12/2 NM wire with a ground.
In older homes, it is common for basic appliances to be powered by the same general-purpose circuit that powers light fixtures. However, during major remodelling projects, you may be required to bring your kitchen up to code, which will likely involve adding several electrical circuits.
Some electricians will wire a kitchen so that the dishwasher and garbage disposal share a circuit, but if this is done, it must be a 20-amp circuit, and the total amperage of both appliances must not exceed 80% of the circuit amperage rating. Local code authorities should be consulted to ensure compliance.
It is possible to install a dishwasher by yourself, but it is recommended to consult a professional to ensure it is done properly and safely. A means of local disconnection or panel lockout is required for dishwashers.
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Installation kits
The 90-degree elbow fitting from the installation kit needs to be attached to the dishwasher's water valve, following the manufacturer's instructions. The kit may also include a new water supply valve. The old supply line should be disconnected from the shut-off valve, and the new supply line should be routed through the hole between the sink cabinet and the dishwasher installation location. It is recommended to temporarily secure the new water supply line with tape to prevent movement when the dishwasher is pushed into place.
After tipping the dishwasher upright and sliding it into its space, get on the floor to connect the water supply line to the 90-degree fitting. Pliers can be used to ensure a tight fit. Remember to turn on the water supply and inspect for leaks, tightening the connections if necessary.
It is important to note that electrical connections should be made according to the installation guide and local codes. Electric codes require dishwashers to have their own dedicated circuit. Depending on the local code requirements, dishwashers should be protected by AFCI and GFCI, which can be achieved by installing a combo circuit breaker.
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Frequently asked questions
It is recommended to hire a qualified electrician to perform any electrical work. However, if you have experience with plumbing and electricity, you can install a dishwasher yourself.
Dishwashers require two electrical hookups: a power cord connection and a dedicated circuit. The dishwasher should be either hardwired to the power supply or plugged into an outlet, depending on the manufacturer's recommendations.
Basic tools are usually sufficient for installing a dishwasher. You may need wire nuts, a screwdriver, pliers, and a power drill. It is also important to refer to the installation guide and manufacturer's instructions.
Yes, it is possible to connect a dishwasher to an existing electrical outlet. However, some major appliances must be hardwired, so it is important to refer to the manufacturer's instructions.
A GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) is a device that quickly stops the flow of electricity in the event of a ground fault. Dishwashers require GFCI protection, and it must be accessible for reset.
